a.- What is the Bahá'í Faith?

The Bahá'í Faith is the newest and second most widespread of the world’s independent religions. It was founded in Persia over a hundred years ago by Bahá'u'lláh. He came to reintroduce God’s purpose for mankind for today. He brought laws and teachings to bring together all the races, nations and faiths in a peaceful, orderly and morally sound worldwide community with justice and security for everyone.

Every true religion has received the promise of the great One to come and of an age of unity and peace:

~ Christians await the return of Christ in the glory of the Father
~ Jews await the coming of the Lord of Hosts
~ Muslims await the Great Announcement of the Qá’im
~ Buddhists await the coming of the Fifth Buddha
~ Hindus await the return of Krishna
~ Zoroastrians await the coming of the Sháh Bahrám

Bahá'ís believe He has come, the One Who fulfills the promises of all the Prophets, and that He has released the spiritual power which will unite all mankind in one universal faith and establish peace and brotherhood.

Bahá'u'lláh is the focal center toward Whom the followers of all religions may now turn for spiritual guidance, and through Whose Teachings the high level of civilization foretold by all the Prophets will be established throughout the world.

b) Brief History

The Bahá'í religion stemmed from the Bábí faith – founded in 1844 by a man who came to be known as the Báb (the Gate) – which emphasized the forthcoming appearance of a new prophet or messenger of God.

Soon the teachings of the Báb, the principal of which was the tidings of the coming of a new Prophet, or Messenger of God (“Him Whom God shall make manifest,”) spread throughout Persia, provoking strong opposition on the part of the clergy and the government. The Báb was arrested and, after several years of incarceration, condemned to death. In 1850 he was brought to a public square where he was suspended by ropes against a wall and executed by a firing squad of hundreds of men. There followed large-scale persecutions of the Bábís in which ultimately more than 20,000 people lost their lives.

In 1852, Bahá'u'lláh, who had been an early disciple of the Báb, was falsely accused of the unsuccessful assassination attempt on the life of the Sháh of Persia. He was thrown into the Black Pit, a notorious underground dungeon in Tehran. It was there, under “the galling weight of the chains” and oppressed by “the stench-filled air,” that He received a revelation from God that He was the Promised One foretold by the Báb and all the Prophets who had come before Him.

In January 1853 He was released and exiled to Baghdad. There Bahá'u'lláh’s leadership revived the Bábí community, and an alarmed government decided to move Bahá'u'lláh and His followers farther away from Persia’s borders. Before being transferred, Bahá'u'lláh spent 12 days in a garden on the outskirts of Baghdad, where in April 1863 he declared to a small number of Bábís that he was the Messenger of God Whose advent had been prophesied by the Báb. Additionally, Bahá'u'lláh made a public proclamation of His mission in Letters addressed to the rulers of Persia, Turkey, Russia, Prussia, Austria, and Britain, to the Pope, and to the Christian and Muslim clergy collectively.

An overwhelming majority of the Bábís acknowledged Bahá'u'lláh’s claim and thenceforth became known as Bahá'ís.

Before His life ended in 1892, Bahá'u'lláh saw His religion spread beyond Persia and the Ottoman Empire to the Caucasus, Turkistan, India, Burma, Egypt, and the Sudan.

Bahá'u'lláh appointed His eldest son, `Abdu'l-Bahá, as the leader of the Bahá'í community and the authorized interpreter of His Teachings. `Abdu'l-Bahá not only administered the affairs of the movement from Palestine but also actively engaged in spreading the Faith, traveling in Africa, Europe, and America.

`Abdu'l-Bahá appointed his eldest grandson, Shoghi Effendi, as His successor, Guardian of the Faith, and authorized interpreter of the Writings and Teachings of Bahá'u'lláh, thus assuring the continued unity of the believers.

Shoghi Effendi in turn established the Universal House of Justice to succeed him as the Head of the Faith of Bahá'u'lláh.

During `Abdu'l-Bahá’s ministry, Bahá'í groups were established in North Africa, the Far East, Australia, and the United States. Since then the Faith has spread to virtually every country in the world, with particularly large and vigorous communities in Africa, Iran, India, the United States, and certain areas of Southeast Asia and the Pacific.

The Bahá'í Faith is now established in more than 235 countries and territories throughout the world. Bahá'ís come from over 2,100 ethnic, racial, and tribal groups, and number some 5 million worldwide

c) Basic Teachings

i. The abandonment of all forms of prejudice
Making up one's mind about something before knowing all the facts is a form of prejudice. Refusing to change one's opinion when the facts show it is wrong is also prejudice. Such thinking is careless and unwise. Making decisions about people based only on their color, sex, nationality, religion, wealth, or poverty is a common form of prejudice and is completely against the spirit of the Faith. One must never think he is better than others, for Bahá'u'lláh writes, "Know ye not why We created you all from the same dust? That no one should exalt himself over the other.”

Prejudice is often the result of fear and ignorance. Many people fear new or different people, ideas, or customs. They create walls of prejudice to protect themselves and to keep those things they fear at a distance. Unfortunately, these walls prevent them from experiencing much of the world's beauty and richness and often cause injustice and oppression.

Many types of prejudice are creating walls between people today. One of these walls is racial prejudice. While physical differences do add a pleasing variety to the world, they do not describe a person's spiritual qualities and talents. These are the attributes one needs to look for when choosing friends, fellow workers, or a marriage partner. ‘Abdu'l-Bahá says: "In the sight of God there is no difference between the various races. Why should man invent such a prejudice?''

Another wall is prejudice based on religious differences. Bahá'u'lláh teaches that all the Founders of the world's great religions were sent by God and brought the same eternal truths. Since these Prophets all came to unite men in love and unity, Their followers should not make religion a cause of disunity and hatred. Bahá'u'lláh instructs His followers to "Consort with the followers of all religions in a spirit of friendliness and fellowship."

Yet another wall is prejudice based on nationalism. While it is natural to have a special love for one's own country, one must realize that every corner of the earth was made by the same God. Today man must broaden his feelings of love and loyalty to include more than his own city or region or nation. He must learn to think of the entire world as his country. As Bahá'u'lláh writes, "The earth is but one country, and mankind its citizens." Emphasizing this larger loyalty He says, "Let not a man glory in this, that he loves his country; let him rather glory in this, that he loves his kind."

In the Bahá'í Faith mankind is compared to a beautiful garden full of flowers of various colors, shapes, and sizes. Each flower has its own color and fragrance, but all the plants spring from the same earth, are warmed by the same sun, and are watered by rain from the same clouds. The beauty of the garden comes from the combination of these different flowers. When man understands this unity and beauty in diversity, he will know why ‘Abdu'l-Bahá says that the differences in the human family should create harmony, "as it is in music where many different notes blend together in the making of a perfect chord.”

ii. Equality of women and men in all aspects of human society
Throughout the animal and vegetable kingdoms one can find examples of the male and the female working together. "In the world of humanity," 'Abdu’l-Bahá notes, "we find a great difference; the female sex is treated as though inferior, and is not allowed equal rights and privileges. This condition is due not to nature, but to education." Bahá'u'lláh, the True Educator, has come to replace ignorance with knowledge. He teaches that men and women are equal in the sight of God. Both have the same rights and responsibilities. Both are required to obey the laws, to practice the principles of Bahá'u'lláh, and to develop themselves spiritually. Both must receive an education and learn useful skills so they can serve their families and society.

Why have women throughout the world remained ignorant and undeveloped in comparison to men? 'Abdu’l-Bahá explains that "Woman's lack of progress and proficiency has been due to her need of equal education and opportunity." Lacking education and encouragement, women have had great difficulty developing and contributing their talents to the world, and human progress has suffered because of this. 'Abdu’l-Bahá compares humanity to a bird. One wing is man, and the other is woman. If one wing does not develop, the bird cannot fly. If women are not allowed to develop themselves and participate in the affairs of the world, humanity cannot progress.

In one way the education of women is more important than the education of men because the mother is the first trainer of children. "If the mother is educated then her children will be well taught," 'Abdu’l-Bahá explains. If she is spiritually awakened and developed, she can give her children moral guidance. "It is clear therefore," 'Abdu’l-Bahá states, "that the future generation depends on the mothers of today." "Surely," He continues, "God is not pleased that so important an instrument as woman should suffer from want of training in order to attain the perfections desirable and necessary for her great life's work!''

'Abdu’l-Bahá has placed a great challenge before women. He wrote: "Woman must endeavor... to attain greater perfection, to be man's equal in every respect, to make progress in all in which she has been backward, so that man will be compelled to acknowledge her equality of capacity and attainment.” 'Abdu’l-Bahá has also promised that full equality for women will come about, for, He wrote, "Bahá'u'lláh Hath Willed It so!'' Men and women must remember that both sexes are needed to build the new world order: "The happiness of mankind will be realized when women and men coordinate and advance equally, for each is the complement and helpmeet of the other."

iii. Oneness of religion
Bahá'u'lláh explained that God, the Creator, has intervened and will continue to intervene in human history by means of chosen Messengers. These Messengers, Whom Bahá'u'lláh called "Manifestations of God," are principally the Founders of the major revealed religions, such as Abraham, Moses, Buddha, Zoroaster, Jesus, Muhammad, and so forth. It is the spirit released by the coming of these Manifestations, together with the influence of Their teachings and the social systems established by Their laws and precepts that enable humankind to progress in its collective evolution. Simply put: the Manifestations of God are the chief educators of humanity. With regard to the various religious systems that have appeared in human history, Bahá'u'lláh has said:

"These principles and laws, these firmly-established and mighty systems, have proceeded from one Source and are the rays of one Light. That they differ one from another is to be attributed to the varying requirements of the ages in which they were promulgated."2

Thus the principle of the unity of religion means that all of the great religious Founders--the Manifestations--have come from God, and that all of the religious systems established by Them are part of a single divine plan directed by God.

In reality, there is only one religion, the religion of God. This one religion is continually evolving, and each particular religious system represents a stage in the evolution of the whole. The Bahá'í Faith represents the current stage in the evolution of religion. To emphasize the idea that all of the teachings and actions of the Manifestation are directed by God and do not originate from natural, human sources, Bahá'u'lláh used the term "revelation" to describe the phenomenon that occurs each time a Manifestation appears. In particular, the writings of the Manifestation represent the infallible Word of God. Because these writings remain long after the earthly life of the Manifestation is finished, they constitute an especially important part of the phenomenon of revelation. So much is this so, that the term "revelation" is sometimes used in a restricted sense to refer to the writings and words of the Manifestation.

Religious history is seen as a succession of revelations from God and the term "progressive revelation" is used to describe this process. Thus, according to Bahá'ís, progressive revelation is the motive force of human progress, and the Manifestation Bahá'u'lláh is the most recent instance of revelation.

The fundamental principle enunciated by Bahá'u'lláh, the followers of His Faith firmly believe, is that religious truth is not absolute but relative, that Divine Revelation is a continuous and progressive process, that all the great religions of the world are divine in origin, that their basic principles are in complete harmony, that their aims and purposes are one and the same, that their teachings are but facets of one truth, that their functions are complementary, that they differ only in the nonessential aspects of their doctrines, and that their missions represent successive stages in the spiritual evolution of human society.

iv. The elimination of extremes of poverty and wealth
`Abdu'l-Bahá explains:

“The arrangements of the circumstances of the people must be such that poverty shall disappear, that everyone, as far as possible, according to his rank and position, shall share in comfort and well-being.

We see amongst us men who are overburdened with riches on the one hand, and on the other those unfortunate ones who starve with nothing; those who possess several stately palaces, and those who have not where to lay their head. Some we find with numerous courses of costly and dainty food; whilst others can scarce find sufficient crusts to keep them alive. Whilst some are clothed in velvets, furs and fine linen, others have insufficient, poor and thin garments with which to protect them from the cold.

This condition of affairs is wrong, and must be remedied.”

v. Compulsory education for all people throughout the world

Bahá'u'lláh places great importance on learning. He says that everyone--men and women, rich and poor--should receive an education. Universal education will enable each person to read the sacred writings and to search for truth without having to depend on what friends or neighbors say. It will also give each person the chance to learn skills that will help him earn a living and thus fulfill the Bahá’í obligation to work.

Schools can help one learn to read, learn the skills necessary to earn a living, and learn about arts and sciences. Such learning is an important kind of education, but there is another kind: Spiritual education--learning about one's self, about God, and about the purpose of one's life--is equally important because it gives direction and purpose to everything one does. "The source of all learning," Bahá'u'lláh writes, "is the knowledge of God.”

Parents are responsible for the education of their children. If they cannot afford to educate them, the Community must. Great attention must be given to the Spiritual education of children because the values and morals they receive will guide them the rest of their lives.

Bahá'u'lláh commands that children be taught "the principles of religion, so that the Promise and the Threat, recorded in the Books of God, may prevent them from the things forbidden" He describes reward and retribution, or punishment, as the "two pillars" that uphold justice and also as "two fountains for the life of the people of the world." Children who understand the rewards of obedience to God and the punishments for disobedience are better prepared to face the challenges and tests of life. They have a moral compass to guide them. Train up a child in the Way he should go," the Bible says, "and when he is old, he will not depart from it." Children must also be taught that working to support themselves is an obligation, and they must be encouraged to learn a trade or profession.

With the continuing concern about the wise use of natural resources, it is important to remember Bahá’u’lláh’s statement that man himself is full of hidden talents and potential that only education can uncover: "Regard man as a mine rich in gems of inestimable value. Education can, alone, cause it to reveal its treasures, and enable mankind to benefit therefrom."

vi. The responsibility of each person to independently search for truth

In the past, faith was often blind and unquestioning. People believed in something because their family, friends, or religious leaders believed. They did not think and pray and investigate truth for themselves. This type of faith is no longer acceptable. Bahá'u'lláh teaches that each person must investigate truth for himself and come to his own conclusions, without relying on someone else's thinking. Faith in this day must be built on knowledge and must be one's own decision.

Investigating truth takes much effort and courage, but God has given each person the capacity to recognize truth. Detachment also helps man in his search. Bahá'u'lláh advises the seeker to put aside all love and hate he feels toward the things of the world, for that love may pull him toward error and that hate may drive him away from the truth. Sometimes love makes one do things he knows are not right, and one's feelings may keep him from hearing the truth when it comes from someone he does not like. Detachment tears away some of the veils that blind man to the truth.

While Bahá'u'lláh requires man to investigate truth for himself, He has left man more guidance to help him in his search than has ever before been given by a Manifestation of God. In addition to leaving hundreds of books and Tablets, Bahá'u'lláh appointed ‘Abdu’l-Bahá the authorized interpreter of His teachings. ‘Abdu’l-Bahá in turn appointed Shoghi Effendi the Guardian of the Cause [see: the Covenant]. Their explanations are divinely inspired and must be accepted by all Bahá'ís. No other Bahá'í, however learned, can force another to accept his understanding and explanations of the teachings.

One reason religion has become a source of disunity is that people have blindly followed the religion into which they were born. When they begin to investigate religious truth for themselves with open minds, they will be able to see beyond the man-made differences that divide them. They will learn that the truth in their religion also appears in the other great religions of the world. Truth is truth wherever it is taught, just as light is light in whatever lamp it burns. Knowledge of this will help unite mankind, and religious belief will no longer be a cause of disunity.

vii. World peace through unity

All the Prophets talked about a time in the future when there would be peace. Isaiah said that the day would come when men "shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.'' That day, longed for by all people, has now begun. Bahá'u'lláh has brought God's plan for building a peaceful world.

More than one hundred years ago Bahá'u'lláh sent Tablets to the rulers of the world. He warned them of the calamities that would occur if they did not follow His guidance. "Be united, 0 kings of the earth," He advised, "for thereby will the tempest of discord be stilled amongst you, and your peoples find rest..." "If ye pay no heed unto the counsels which... We have revealed...," He warned, "Divine chastisement. . shall, assail you from every direction, and the sentence of His justice shall be pronounced against you". When the rulers ignored Bahá'u'lláh and His guidance, He turned to the common people of the world. Bahá'u'lláh assured them that if they accepted His message, tried to purify their lives, and worked to build a new society based on His laws and teachings, the Most Great peace would surely be established. "Soon," He wrote, "will the present-day order be rolled up, and a new one spread out in its stead."

Bahá'u'lláh said that world peace will be achieved in two stages. First will come a period called the Lesser Peace. This will begin when the nations of the world decide to stop fighting and become unified politically. During the Lesser Peace the world will be like a body that is whole and unified but without life. When the Bahá'ís breathe the spirit of life the love of Bahá'u'lláh --into this body, it will awake from its long sleep. This will mark the beginning of the Golden Age, the Most Great Peace. Isaiah spoke of this period as the time when "the earth shall be full of the knowledge of the Lord, as the waters cover the sea.'' During the Most Great Peace the world will be united politically, economically, and spiritually; and mankind will develop a wonderfully rich world culture.

Bahá'u'lláh's teachings about the need for peace and security in the world become more important every day. Nations grow more powerful, and their weapons become more dangerous. The results of another war are too horrible to imagine. Thoughtful people in every country are beginning to see the need for world cooperation. They know that modern communication and transportation systems have made the World seem smaller and have brought nations and their problems closer together. Countries are now next-door neighbors in a small neighborhood. These enlightened people are trying to end war, and their efforts will lead to the Lesser Peace. Only Bahá’ís, however, can bring about the Most Great Peace.

Bahá’ís can work for world peace without becoming involved with political or social movements. By supporting their Spiritual Assemblies Bahá’ís help create a working model of a spiritual government that will attract the attention of open-minded seekers. Living the life by obeying Bahá'u'lláh's laws and practicing Bahá’í principles strengthens both individual believers and their communities. It also demonstrates the power of the Word of God to change lives and unite different peoples. When Bahá’ís develop themselves and their communities spiritually, they are helping to bring about the Most Great Peace.
viii. A spiritual solution to the economic problem

"The best beloved of all things in My sight is justice; turn not away therefrom if thou desirest Me," Bahá'u'lláh warns. Is it just that some people are burdened with wealth while others are poorly clothed and hungry? Is it just that some men have several mansions while others are homeless? Is it just that some work very hard while others are idle? "Is it possible," 'Abdu’l-Bahá asks, "for one member of a family to be subjected to the utmost misery and to abject poverty and for the rest of the family to be comfortable? Although these questions seem to be about economics, they deal with the spiritual principles of justice and the oneness of mankind.

The solution to the economic problems of the world is a spiritual solution. The hearts of men must be changed by the power of the Manifestation of God (Bahá'u'lláh). Men must be taught to see all people as members of their family. They must hunger for justice and practice it in their personal, business, and community lives. They must learn to think of work in a new way as a form of worship. These changes in attitude and the economic principles given by Bahá'u'lláh are the only solution to economic problems.
Bahá'u'lláh says that everyone must receive an education and have the opportunity to develop skills and talents. Then each person must "engage in some one occupation, such as arts, trades, and the like." Both idleness and begging are condemned. "We have made this--your occupation--identical with the worship of God, the True One," He says. When one thinks of his job as a form of worship, he will want to do his best. He will want to be fair and honest and will realize that earning money is only part of the reason for working.

Bahá'u'lláh teaches that the rights of both workers and managers or owners must be protected. With their new feelings about work, justice, and the oneness of mankind, labor and management will better be able to consult together on problems and to solve difficulties without strikes. Both groups will be looking for a just solution. Thus both workers and managers will want to cooperate in running the business because both will benefit when it is run well. In addition to their wages, Bahá'u'lláh says that workers must receive a share of the profits of the business.

Profit-sharing is one way to do away with the extremes of wealth and poverty. Another way is graduated income tax. The more one has left after his expenses have been taken care of, the higher the taxes he will pay. Those who cannot earn enough to buy the necessities of life will receive help, as will orphans, cripples, the blind, and the aged. In this way all will lead comfortable lives.

People will always choose different kinds of jobs, and some will always earn more than others. There is certainly nothing wrong with wealth. Absolute economic equality is not possible, and, 'Abdu’l-Bahá says, "if its existence were possible, the whole order of the world would be destroyed." Economic differences will not disappear. Only the extremes will vanish. All men will enjoy the necessities of life, and all will be respected regardless of the type of work they do. Thinking one is better than someone else because of his job or the amount he earns is another form of prejudice that Bahá'u'lláh condemns. All work, no matter how humble, is worship if it is done in a spirit of service to mankind.

International economic problems are basically the same as community economic problems. Again, selfishness, greed, and self-interest must be replaced by justice, cooperation, and a concern for all members of the human family. When all nations believe that the earth is one country, they will cooperate in developing and sharing natural resources. All nations will agree on trade laws that will be fair to all.

Economic problems cannot be solved simply by new laws or aid programs. Justice, unity, and the other spiritual qualities can appear in the world and bring about a lasting solution to economic problems only when they are reborn in the hearts of men.

ix. Recognition that true religion is in harmony with reason and the pursuit of scientific knowledge

Religion and science are the two most powerful forces in human life. Both are approaches to finding truth, and both are necessary for the progress of mankind. Bahá'u'lláh teaches that true religion and true science are in complete harmony. He explains that truth is one; therefore, science and religion cannot disagree. If they seem to disagree, it is because man does not yet understand them properly or because all the facts are not yet known.

Bahá'u'lláh warns that if religion denies science and proven facts, it is superstition. Science, in turn, needs religion to provide moral guidance and direction. Science has made great discoveries and created many wonderful things, but if scientists are not guided by spiritual and moral values, they will, for example, use their knowledge to create larger and more destructive weapons. 'Abdu’l-Bahá explains that unless science and religion go hand in hand, mankind will never progress according to God's plan:

"It is not possible to fly with one wing alone! Should a man try to fly with the wing of religion alone he would quickly fall into the quagmire of superstition, whilst on the other hand, with the wing of science alone he would also make no progress, but fall into the despairing slough of materialism."

Sometimes the laws of a Manifestation of God (such as Moses, Jesus Christ, Bahá'u'lláh…), when first given, seem strange or do not agree with the latest scientific findings. Some believers may feel confused and uncomfortable following laws they do not understand. At such times one must trust Divine wisdom. As one accepts electricity, gravity, and many scientific discoveries without fully understanding them, so one's faith can help him act with confidence in spiritual matters he may not understand. God knows what is best for man, and His laws protect man from dangers of which he is often unaware. Moses, for example, told the Jews that pork was unclean and forbade them to eat it. The Jews obeyed this law, though they probably did not know the scientific reason behind it. Thousands of years later it was discovered that poorly cooked pork can carry a fatal disease. Modem science Is only now discovering that drugs and alcohol are harmful, though Bahá’u’lláh knew this and forbade their use more than one hundred years ago.

An important teaching of the Faith is that each man must investigate truth for himself. The scientific method of questioning and testing answers is a valuable tool in this search. When this method is combined with a firm faith in God, man will be able to solve many of the mysteries of the universe. By applying his knowledge correctly man can build an ever-advancing civilization.

x. Establishment of a world language that everyone will learn in addition to their native language

One of the greatest means for bringing about unity and understanding would be a language that everyone could speak and understand. How lonely one feels when he cannot talk with and understand those around him. How many misunderstandings occur when people cannot speak the same language? Even if one learns two or three, or even ten, foreign languages, there are still people with whom he cannot talk. 'Abdu’l-Bahá said sadly that the thoughts of Eastern and Western peoples are locked away from each other in caskets. The lack of a common language prevents them from sharing their thoughts and ideas. A universal language is the master key that can open these caskets. Bahá'u'lláh has made the use of a universal language one of His major social teachings. He says that one language must be invented or chosen from the existing languages and be taught in all the schools of the world.

Each country will keep its own language, with all its wonderful poems, songs, and stories, but will learn the new universal language as well. By learning only these two languages, people will be able to travel anywhere in the world and still understand each other. Bahá'u'lláh says that when this universal language is used, "to whatsoever city a man may journey, it shall be as if he were entering his own home.”

A universal language will lead to new understanding between nations as well as individuals. How can world unity be established unless nations and governments share their thoughts, hopes, and problems? The universal language will make consultation simpler and allow each nation to participate in the development of the new world civilization.

Central Figures >

d) Central Figures

i. Bahá'u'lláh

(1817 – 1892) Founder of the Bahá'í Faith – Born in 1817, Bahá'u'lláh was a member of one of the great patrician families of Persia. The family could trace its lineage to the ruling dynasties of Persia’s imperial past, and was endowed with wealth and vast estates. Turning His back on the position at court which these advantages offered Him, Bahá'u'lláh became known for His generosity and kindliness which made Him deeply loved among His countrymen.

This privileged position did not long survive Bahá'u'lláh’s announcement of support for the message of the Báb. Engulfed in the waves of violence unleashed upon the Bábís after the Báb’s execution Bahá'u'lláh suffered not only the loss of all His worldly endowments, but was subjected to imprisonment, torture, and a series of banishments. The first was to Baghdad where, in 1863, He announced Himself as the One promised by the Báb. From Baghdad, Bahá'u'lláh was sent to Constantinople, to Adrianople, and finally to Acre, in the Holy Land, where He arrived as a prisoner in 1868.

From Adrianople and later from Acre, Bahá'u'lláh addressed a series of letters to the rulers of His day, that are among the most remarkable documents in religious history. They proclaimed the coming unification of humanity and the emergence of a world civilization.

The kings, emperors, and presidents of the nineteenth century were called upon to reconcile their differences, curtail their armaments, and devote their energies to the establishment of universal peace.
Bahá'u'lláh passed away at Bahjí, just north of Acre, and is buried there. His teachings had already begun to spread beyond the confines of the Middle East, and His Shrine is today the focal point of the world community which these teachings have brought into being.

ii. The Báb

(1819 – 1850) On May 23, 1844, in Shiraz, Persia, a young man known as the Báb announced the imminent appearance of the messenger of God awaited by all the peoples of the world. The title Báb means “the Gate”. Although Himself the bearer of an independent revelation from God, the Báb declared that His purpose was to prepare mankind for this advent.

Swift and savage persecution at the hands of the dominant Muslim clergy followed this announcement. The Báb was arrested, beaten, imprisoned, and finally on July 9, 1850 was executed in the public square of the city of Tabríz. Some 20,000 of His followers perished in a series of massacres throughout Persia.

Today, the majestic building with the golden dome, overlooking the Bay of Haifa and set amidst beautiful gardens, is the Shrine where the Báb’s earthly remains are entombed.

iii. `Abdu'l-Bahá

(1844 – 1921) From earliest childhood, ‘Abbás Effendi, the eldest son of Bahá'u'lláh, shared His father’s sufferings and banishments. He took as His title ‘Abdu'l-Bahá, the “servant of Bahá.” Bahá'u'lláh appointed Him the one authorized interpreter of the Bahá'í teachings and as Head of the Faith after His own passing. In `Abdu'l-Bahá was seen a perfect example of the Bahá'í way of life. While `Abdu'l-Bahá was still a prisoner of the Ottomans the first Bahá'í pilgrims from the western world arrived in Acre in 1898. After His release in 1908, `Abdu'l-Bahá set out on a series of journeys which, in 1911-1913, took Him to Europe and America. There He proclaimed Bahá'u'lláh’s message of unity and social justice to church congregations, peace societies, the members of trade unions, university faculties, journalists, government officials, and many public audiences.

`Abdu'l-Bahá passed away in 1921, having consolidated the foundations of the Bahá'í Faith and greatly expanded its reach. The northern rooms of the Shrine of the Báb, in Haifa, Israel, where He is interred, are a place of pilgrimage for Bahá'ís visiting the World Centre of the Faith.

iv. Shoghi Effendi

`Abdu'l-Bahá in His Will and Testament appointed His grandson, Shoghi Effendi Rabbani, Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith and interpreter of its teachings. Shoghi Effendi served until his death in 1957. During these thirty six years the Guardian translated many of the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh and `Abdu'l-Bahá into English, expounded their meanings, encouraged the establishment of local and national Bahá'í institutions, and guided a series of plans aimed at diffusing Bahá'í ideals throughout the world. In the Holy Land, the Guardian’s enduring memorial is the magnificent setting he created for the World Centre of the Bahá'í Faith. The completion of the Shrine of the Báb was his work as was the construction of the International Bahá'í Archives Building, it was also Shoghi Effendi who designed and laid out the beautiful gardens at Bahjí and on the slopes of Mount Carmel.

The Covenant >

e) The Covenant

The Covenant of Bahá'u'lláh is the Divinely-ordained instrument provided by Bahá'u'lláh to direct, and ensure the harmonious and continuous operation of the Faith after His death.

The intention of the Covenant is the protection of the unity of the Bahá'í Faith.

The Covenant is that which a Messenger of God makes concerning his immediate successor to whom His followers should turn and obey; as the appointment of the apostle Peter by Jesus, the Imám ‘Alí by Muhammad, and `Abdu'l-Bahá by Bahá'u'lláh. In the cases of Peter and ‘Alí, their Covenants of appointment were neither written nor sufficiently explicit for them to gain universal acceptance, with the result that both Christianity and Islam became riven by contending sects. By contrast, the Bahá'í Covenant was both explicit and in written form. Thus Bahá'u'lláh appointed `Abdu'l-Bahá as Centre of His Covenant. `Abdu'l-Bahá directed the Bahá'ís to follow Shoghi Effendi, and at the same time made a promise of Divine guidance and protection for the as yet unelected Universal House of Justice. Bahá'ís who reject any of the links in this chain of succession are regarded as having rejected Bahá'u'lláh.

Organization and Administration >

f) Organization and Administration of the Bahá'í Faith

The Bahá'í administration is essentially spiritual in nature, although practical in application. Bahá'ís believe in the idea of progressive revelation – that is, that each religion is from God, and that each builds on the one before it. Social laws differ from one religion to the next because they were revealed at different times and at different stages in the development of humankind. The Bahá'í administration is, in this way, ideally suited to the present stage of civilization.

i. The Guardianship

The Guardianship is an institution of the Faith created by `Abdu'l-Bahá in His Will and Testament to carry on into the future the function of authoritative interpretation of the Sacred Writings of Bahá'u'lláh and the care and protection of the Bahá'í Faith.

`Abdu'l-Bahá appointed His grandson Shoghi Effendi as the first Guardian. He provided that ‘after him will succeed the first-born of his lineal descendants’ or, if his child should not manifest the necessary characteristics, that the Guardian would ‘choose another branch to succeed him’.

Shoghi Effendi had no children nor did he appoint a successor from among the family of Bahá'u'lláh and therefore no further Guardians can be appointed. The institution of the Guardianship; however, continues as the voluminous writings of Shoghi Effendi set a lasting standard of guidance for the future.

ii. The Universal House of Justice

The Universal House of Justice is the Supreme administrative body of the Bahá'í Faith, ordained by Bahá'u'lláh. Its membership consists of nine men. The Universal House of Justice is elected every five years by the members of the National Spiritual Assemblies of the world, who gather at an International Convention for the purpose.

The Universal House of Justice is Infallible. In His Will and Testament, `Abdu'l-Bahá states that the Universal House of Justice, with the Guardian, is under the care and protection, the shelter and unerring guidance of Bahá'u'lláh, ‘…Whatsoever they decide is of God. Whoso obeyeth him not, neither obeyeth them, hath not obeyed God; whoso rebelleth against him and against them hath rebelled against God; whoso opposeth him hath opposed God; whoso contendeth with them hath contended with God…’

The Universal House of Justice is the ‘source of all good and freed from all error’. Everything which is not expressly recorded in the Bahá'í Writings ‘must be referred to the Universal House of Justice. That which this body, whether unanimously or by a majority doth carry, that is verily the Truth and the Purpose of God himself.’ The Universal House of Justice has ‘power to enact laws that are not expressly recorded in the Book’ and ‘power to repeal the same…The House of Justice is both the Initiator and the Abrogator of its own laws.’

Although the Universal House of Justice is explicitly authorized to change or repeal its own legislation as conditions change, thus providing Bahá'í law with an essential element of flexibility, it cannot abrogate of change any of the laws which are explicitly laid down in the sacred Text of Bahá'u'lláh.

iii. National Spiritual Assemblies

The National Spiritual Assembly is the administrative body of the Bahá'í Faith for a given nation. Designated by `Abdu'l-Bahá in His Will as the “Secondary House of Justice”, they constitute the electoral bodies in the formation of the Universal House of Justice, and are empowered to direct, unify, coordinate and stimulate the activities of individuals as well as local Assemblies within their jurisdiction.

National Spiritual Assemblies are elected each year, according to the principle of proportional representation, by delegates representative of Bahá'í local communities assembled at Convention during the period of the Ridván Festival.

Why does Alaska have its own National Spiritual Assembly?

‘National Boundaries’ to Bahá'ís are not dictated solely by political boundaries. Other considerations such as geography, and cultural distinctions are taken in account when the Universal House of Justice makes a decision about what constitutes a Bahá'í Nation.

So, although Bahá'ís in places such as Alaska or Hawaii certainly consider themselves Americans, and a part of the United States generally speaking within a Bahá'í context, Alaska and Hawaii are considered separate ‘nations’ and each have their own National Spiritual Assemblies, separate and distinct from the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of the United States.

iv. Local Spiritual Assemblies

The Local Spiritual Assembly is the local administrative body of the Bahá'í community. The nine members are directly elected from among the body of the believers in a community every Ridván and serve for a period of one year. All adult believers in a given community are eligible for election to the Local Spiritual Assembly. The assembly elects its own officers for the year and meets as often as it sees necessary.

The Local Spiritual Assembly oversees the teaching and other work of the Bahá'í community, conducts marriages, funerals, provides for the Bahá'í education of the children in its community, ensures the holding of the Bahá'í Holy Days and the Nineteen Day Feasts, and provides advice, guidance, and assistance for those in difficulty. All its decisions are made after consultation.

Progressive Revelation >

g) Progressive Revelation

Bahá'ís believe that in each age God sends a Messenger to mankind. Those we know from the past have been the great religious teachers and Prophets Krishna, Moses, Zoroaster, Buddha, Christ and Muhammad. They have all taught us about God and how we should live our lives.

Bahá'ís believe that, although the Messengers are all different individuals, it is the same spirit, the spirit of God, which is in them all. So, in one sense, it is the same Messenger Who comes each time. In another sense, it is actually a different person.

This evolution of God’s religion is referred to as ‘progressive revelation’ because each Prophet brings new spiritual laws and teachings that enable humankind to progress to the next stage of social and spiritual insight.

A helpful analogy that illustrates the concept of ‘progressive revelation’ is that of the child attending school. The child progresses from one grade to the next, at each level receiving instruction from a different teacher. The depth of the lessons is not dependent on the knowledge of the teacher. Rather, the lessons become more complex as the child grows in maturity and knowledge. The teacher offers the child only what he or she can handle at each level of development. Each successive teacher reinforces what the child has learned from previous teachers and also adds more.

Consultation >

h) Consultation

"Consultation bestoweth greater awareness and transmuteth conjecture into certitude. It is a shining light which, in a dark world, leadeth the way and guideth. For everything there is and will continue to be a station of perfection and maturity. The maturity of the gift of understanding is made manifest through consultation." Bahá'u'lláh

Consultation can be defined as ‘discussion in order to reach decisions or gain advice.’

It is much emphasized in the Bahá'í Writings, particularly with regard to all levels of Bahá'í administration, but also in relation to community affairs, business, family life and individual decision making.

Bahá'u'lláh taught that consultation enhances understanding, awareness and certitude. It is a light in the heaven of divine wisdom and a prerequisite of human well-being. `Abdu'l-Bahá regarded it as a potent means of advancing any project, great or small. It is better to seek the views of many than just to have the views of one. It leads to fresh insights. Shoghi Effendi described consultation as the ‘bedrock’ of the Bahá'í administrative order.

Consultation does not consist of the mere voicing of personal views, however. This can lead to altercation and useless quibbling, which are always destructive to truth. Those who consult together need to have a sense of mutual fellowship and unity. They should carefully consider the views expressed by others, and express their own views with the utmost courtesy, dignity, care and moderation. They should search out the truth, weighing all the views expressed with calmness and composure. If the views expressed by someone else seem better than their own, they should support those, and not willfully cling to their own opinions.

All should be able to express their views with absolute freedom. No one should belittle the thoughts of another, or feel hurt if others oppose their own views. Only if matters are fully discussed will the right way be found, and the shining spark of truth emerge out of the clash of differing opinions. It is important therefore to avoid feelings of ill-will and discord, and if these develop the discussions should straightaway be stopped, and postponed until amore propitious time.

When a decision has been reached it should be followed. True consultation should be a spiritual conference characterized by love and harmony between those consulting.

Laws >

i) Laws

"By My life, were ye to discover what We have desired for you in revealing Our holy laws, ye would offer up your very souls for this sacred, this mighty, and most exalted Faith." ~ Bahá'u'lláh

Bahá'í law governs three areas: the individual’s relationship to God, physical and spiritual matters which benefit the individual directly, and relations among individuals and between the individual and society.

Bahá'í law is often presented in the form of general principles which each individual must apply as they best see fit in their own lives.

It is often difficult for us to do things because they are so very different from what we are used to, not because the thing itself is particularly difficult.
"… no doubt some of the ordinances, like fasting and daily prayer, are hard to understand and obey at first. …Bahá'u'lláh would not have given us these things if they would not greatly benefit us
…As we obey them we will gradually come to see in ourselves the benefits they confer." ~ Shoghi Effendi

i. Laws that Govern each Bahá'í

1. Obligatory Prayer
2. Fasting
3. Burial of the dead (as opposed to cremation)
4. Engaging in a trade or profession is made obligatory and is exalted to the rank of worship
5. Obedience to government
6. Education of children
7. The writing of a testament
8. Repetition of the Greatest Name (Alláh'u'Abhá – God is Most Glorious) 95 times a day
9. Prohibitions:

i. Interpretation of the Holy Writ
ii. Slave trading
iii. Asceticism (practicing strict self-denial as
a measure of personal and especially
spiritual discipline)
iv. Monasticism (resembling - as in seclusion
or ascetic simplicity - life in a monastery)
v. Begging
vi. Priesthood
vii. Use of pulpits
viii. Confession of sins
ix. Plurality of wives
x. Intoxicating drinks
xi. Opium
xii. Gambling
xiii. Arson
xiv. Adultery
xv. Murder
xvi. Theft
xvii. Homosexuality
xviii. Congregational prayer, except for the dead
xix. Cruelty to animals
xx. Idleness and sloth
xxi. Backbiting
xxii. Slander
xxiii. Carrying arms unless essential
xxiv. Entering a house without the owner's permission
xxv. Striking or wounding a person
xxvi. Contention and conflict

10. To associate with the followers of all religions with fellowship
11. To honor one's parents
12. Not to wish for others what one does not wish for one's self
13. To teach and propagate the Faith after the ascension of its Founder
14. To assist those who arise to promote the Faith
15. Not to depart from the Writings or to be misled by those who do
16. To refer to the Holy Writ when differences arise
17. To immerse one's self in the study of the Teachings
18. Not to follow one's idle fancies and vain imaginations
19. To recite the holy verses at morn and at eventide
20. To recite the holy verses melodiously
21. To study such arts and sciences as benefit mankind
22. To take counsel together
23. Not to be indulgent in carrying out the statutes of God
24. To repent to God of one's sins
25. To distinguish one's self through good deeds
26. To be truthful
i. To be trustworthy
ii. To be faithful
iii. To be righteous and fear God
iv. To be just and fair
v. To be tactful and wise
vi. To be courteous
vii. To be hospitable
viii. To be persevering
ix. To be detached
x. To be absolutely submissive to the Will of God
xi. Not to stir up mischief
xii. Not to be hypocritical
xiii. Not to be proud
xiv. Not to be fanatical
xv. Not to prefer one's self to one's neighbor
xvi. Not to contend with one's neighbor
xvii. Not to indulge one's passions
xviii. Not to lament in adversity
xix. Not to anger one's neighbo
xx. Not to lose one's temper

27. To be closely united
28. To consult competent physicians when ill
29. To study languages for the furtherance of the Faith
30. To be the essence of cleanliness
31. Marriage is highly recommended but not obligatory. Having more than one wife at a time is
forbidden. Marriage is conditioned on the consent of both parties and their parents
32. Divorce is strongly condemned. If antipathy or resentment develop on the part of either the
husband or the wife, divorce is permissible, only after the lapse of one full year.

The Fast >

j) The Fast

Bahá'u'lláh determined a time of Fasting for Bahá'ís during the month of `Alá’, March 2nd – 20th (the last month of the Bahá'í calendar), the time between the Intercalary Days and the new-year festival of Naw-Rúz.

During this 19 day period, Bahá'ís between the ages of 15 and 70 are required to Fast, abstaining from food, drink and smoking between sunrise and sunset. Together with Obligatory Prayer, the Fast is one of the pillars of divine law, drawing the believer closer to God. It is intended to be a period of meditation and prayer, during which the individual abstains from selfish desire and seeks to reorient his or her life to reinvigorate the inner spiritual forces of the soul. Fasting is an individual spiritual obligation and responsibility.

In high latitudes, such as Alaska, the times for fasting are fixed by the clock (between 6 a.m. and 6 p.m.), rather than by the sunrise and sunsets.

k) Living a Bahá'í Life

Bahá'ís are exhorted to live lives of virtuous conduct and devoted service to the Bahá'í Faith. This objective is often referred to as ‘living the life’.

Bahá'u'lláh called on his followers to display such deeds and character that all mankind would profit by their example. Bahá'ís should strive to acquire both inner and outer perfections –both moral virtues, and knowledge and skills. Their deeds should not differ from their words; each day they should seek to be better than the day before.

`Abdu'l-Bahá appealed to Bahá'ís to attain such distinction that they would be recognized as Bahá'ís by their virtues. Whatever work they did, they should strive that it was of the highest standard. From childhood they should be inspired to undertake studies that would benefit humanity. They should exert all their efforts to acquire education.

For Shoghi Effendi, to be a ‘true’ Bahá'í it was necessary to struggle against both the evils that prevailed in the world and the weaknesses, prejudices and selfishness of one’s own character.

The virtues of good character are conducive to human dignity and honor. Each individual should strive diligently to acquire them. Moral and religious qualities are also to be balanced by reason and knowledge. If Bahá'ís succeed in exemplifying divine virtues then they will become both completely united amongst themselves and a magnet for others, who will want to discover the source of their radiance and joy. Each individual is responsible fro their own life, and should seek to perfect their own character.

The attributes of a good character:

• A lack of malice
• A sense of honor and regard for the rights of others
• Amiability / Friendliness
• Avoidance of backbiting about others
• Chastity
• Compassion
• Consideration for others
• Control of the passions
• Courage
• Courtesy
• Detachment from material things
• Energy and zeal
• Faithfulness
• Fear of God
• Forbearance and calm
• Generosity
• Highmindedness
• Honesty
• Humility
• Industriousness
• Integrity
• Justice
• Love for God expressed in love for humanity
• Loyalty
• Magnanimity
• Meekness
• Moderation
• Obedience to religious law
• Philanthropy
• Piety
• Prayerfullness
• Purity
• Purity of motivation
• Reverence
• Selflessness
• Service to others
• Sincerity
• Submissiveness to the will of God
• Temperance
• Trustworthiness
• Wisdom

l) Community Life

Bahá’í communities differ greatly around the world. Some are large, some small, some are new, some have existed since the time of Bahá'u'lláh. Bahá’í communities everywhere unite people who would otherwise not mix together. Young and old, black and white, rich and poor learn to love and appreciate each other as members of the same human family. This is the distinctive feature of all Bahá'í communities - they are united. Bahá'ís do not live together as a separate community, but live and work in the wider society, which they try to serve to the best of their abilities.

When they can, Bahá’ís meet together regularly, usually in each others' homes or sometimes in local Bahá'í centres. They may meet for prayers, to plan teaching activities or service projects, to study together, to hold children's classes or just to socialize. Many Bahá’ís hold informal meetings in their homes, to which they invite their friends and neighbors, to share the teachings of Bahá'u'lláh. These meetings are sometimes called 'Firesides'.

Check out the calendar for information about what’s going on in the Alaska Bahá'í Community, or contact us for further information about activities in your area.

m) World Statistics

Information should be viewed as informed estimates.

i. National Spiritual Assemblies

Africa 46
Americas 43
Asia 39
Australasia 17
Europe 37
Worldwide 182

ii. Local Spiritual Assemblies

Africa 3,808
Americas 3,152
Asia 2,948
Australasia 856
Europe 976
Worldwide 11,740

iii. Independent Countries where Bahá'ís reside

Africa 53
Americas 35
Asia 44
Australasia 14
Europe 44
Worldwide 190

iv. Localities where Bahá'ís reside

Africa 30,003
Americas 24,502
Asia 59,821
Australasia 6,746
Europe 6,309
Worldwide 127,381

v. Indigenous tribes, races, and ethnic groups

Africa 1,250
Americas 340
Asia 250
Australasia 250
Europe 22
Worldwide 2,112

vi. Languages into which Bahá'í Literature has been translated

Africa 266
Americas 172
Asia 174
Australasia 110
Europe 80
Worldwide 802

III. The Bahá'í Faith in Alaska

a) Brief History

As is characteristic of the Bahá’í Faith throughout the world, "Unity in Diversity" is noticeably exemplified by the Bahá’í Community in Alaska. Working and growing spiritually in unity, Bahá’ís of varying ethnic backgrounds are bringing to fruition and reality the true concept of the "Oneness of Mankind." This far spread Alaska Bahá’í Community is especially favored and invigorated by the spiritual astuteness, talents and leadership strengths of the many Eskimo, Aleut and Indian followers of Bahá'u'lláh.

This growing "flower garden" of Alaskan Bahá’ís has been steadfastly guided and nurtured through some 65 years by many Bahá’í travel teachers and pioneers of the Faith who journeyed great distances to promote the Bahá’í Faith in Alaska; many of these teachers established permanent homes (pioneers) in this vast and challenging new state.

The historical archives of the Faith record that the first Bahá’í to reside in Alaska was Ms. Margaret Green who taught the Faith in Juneau from 1915-1918 while supporting herself by work as a public librarian. Although there had been several teaching trips and some temporary residence in Alaska in the 1920's, it wasn't until 1939 that the Bahá’í Faith was permanently established in Alaska. By 1940 there were Bahá’ís in Anchorage, Fairbanks, and Juneau. Over the years entire Bahá’í families settled in Alaska; some acquired and developed large homesteads such as the Huffmans and the Gregorys in the Anchorage area.

In 1943, the first Bahá’í Local Spiritual Assembly in Alaska was formed in Anchorage. In February of 1948, this Anchorage Bahá’í Assembly was legally incorporated under Alaska territorial statutes. By 1949, the Bahá’í marriage service was recognized by the Attorney General for Alaska. The establishment of the Bahá’í Local Spiritual Assemblies of Fairbanks (1955), Tanana Valley (1956), Ketchikan (1956) and Juneau (1957), was followed in 1957 by the formation and legal incorporation of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá’ís of Alaska. This momentous event for the Faith in Alaska provided for an organized administrative structure to help guide the affairs, growth and outreach of the overall Alaska Bahá'í Community. The National Spiritual Assembly of Alaska, among other responsibilities, maintains liaison and coordination with the Bahá’í World Centre in Haifa, Israel as well as with other National Assemblies throughout the world.

Though greatly abbreviated, this summary of "The Bahá’í Faith in Alaska" demonstrates, in part, some evidences of the animating, universal Call of the Bahá’í Faith. The vast wealth of Bahá’í history, teachings/principles and ennobling Holy Scriptures are available for study and consideration by anyone in Alaska--or elsewhere. Independent investigation of the teachings and beliefs of the Bahá’í Faith is most warmly encouraged.

Please contact us for further information.

b) National Agencies

‘National Agencies’ are agencies (i.e. departments/committees) whose members are appointed to carry out the goals of the National Spiritual Assembly of the Bahá'ís of Alaska

i. Office of External Affairs

The Office of External Affairs assists with worldwide diplomatic initiatives influencing global processes towards world peace through coordination with the Bahá'í International Community and through support for human rights education, the advancement of women, global prosperity, and moral development.
Office of External Affairs: oea@akbahai.org
Office for the Advancement of Women: oaw@akbahai.org
Public Information Officer: pio@akbahai.org

ii. Alaska Bahá'í Institute

The Alaska Bahá'í Institute’s job includes assessing, nurturing, advising, and guiding grassroots human resource development in Alaska through training and the establishment of study circles, extension courses and special campaigns.
Alaska Bahá'í Institute: abi@akbahai.org

iii. Education Resource Agency

The Bahá'í Education Resource Agency is responsible for promoting the systematization of Bahá'í children’s classes, that provide spiritual education for children and youth throughout Alaska.
Education Resource Agency: era@akbahai.org

iv. Youth Desk

The Youth Desk mobilizes Alaskan youth to carry a leading role in systematic teaching of the Faith by encouraging youth to participate in study circles and in the Youth Movement underway in the Americas.

c) Bahá'í Communities in Alaska

Local Spiritual Assemblies:

Anchorage
Barrow
Bethel
Chena Valley
Douglas Island
Eagle River
Fairbanks
Haines
Homer
Juneau
Kake
Kalifornsky
Ketchikan
Kotzebue
Matanuska Valley
McGrath
Nenana
Nome
Palmer
Petersburg
Rainbow
Resurrection Canyon
Ridgeway
Sitka
Soldotna
Tanana Valley
Unalaska
Wasilla
Wrangell

Other Communities:

Aleknagik
Ambler
Anaktuvuk Pass
Anderson
Angoon
Aniak
Anvik
Atka
Beaver
Bettles
Big Delta
Brevig Mission
Butte
Chevak
Chugiak
Circle City
Coho Loop
Copper Center
Cordova
Craig
Dillingham
Dot Lake
Edna Bay
Ekwok
Ester False Pass
Fort Yukon
Fritz Creek
Gakona
Galena
Grayling
Haystack Mountain
Holy Cross
Hoonah
Hooper Bay
Hughes
Huslia
Kenai
Kenny Lake
Kiana
King Cove
Klawock
Klukwan
Kodiak
Koyuk
Larson Bay
Marshall
Metlakatla
Mountain Village
Naknek
Nikishka
Nikolai
Minto
North Nenana
North Pole
Old Harbor
Pilot Station
Pleasant Harbor
Port Alexander
Rampart
Revilla Island
Ruby
Saint Marys
Saint Michael
Sand Point
Savoonga
Saxman
Selawik
Seward
Shageluk
Skagway
Sleetmute
Stebbins
Sterling
Stony River
Talkeetna
Tanacross
Tanana
Tazlina
Tee Harbor
Tok
Tyonek
Valdez
Venetie
Wainright
Willow
Yakutat

d) Pursuing Your Spiritual Education

i. Study Circles

A study circle is, quite simply, a group of people that get together on a regular basis to do three things:

• Study the Bahá’í Sacred Texts in an positive, encouraging atmosphere
• Engage in service to their community
• Make friends, enjoy each other’s company, and let this unity of spirit radiate to others around them

The first course they study is called “Reflections on the Life of the Spirit.” It deals with the fundamental concepts of spiritual growth, living a spiritual life, and what a spiritual life is. There are three units in this book:

o Understanding the Bahá’í Writings
o Prayer
o Life and Death

Everyone is welcome. To find out how to be in a study circle, contact the Alaska Bahá’í Institute at abi@akbahai.org.

We look forward to seeing you!

ii. Devotional Meetings

A Devotional Meeting is a gathering of Bahá'ís and people of all faiths who come together to pray and read from Holy Writings. There is usually an emphasis on Bahá'í Holy Writings, but people are encouraged to share devotions and scripture from all faiths.

For more information, or to find out about a Devotional Meeting in your area please Contact us.

iii. Bahá'í Education

The Universal House of Justice says:

The proper education of children is of vital importance to the progress of mankind, and the heart and essential foundation of all education is spiritual and moral training. When we teach our fellow men the truths and way of life of the Bahá'í Faith we have to struggle against barriers of indifference, materialism, superstition and a multitude of erroneous preconceptions, but in our new-born children we are presented with pure souls, untarnished by the world. As they grow they will face countless tests and difficulties. From their earliest moments we have the duty to train them, both spiritually and materially, in the way that God has shown and thus, as they come to adulthood, they can become champions of His Cause and spiritual and moral giants among mankind, equipped to meet all tests, and will be, indeed, “stars of the heaven of understanding”, “soft-flowing waters upon which must depend the very life of all men.”

For more information please contact us.

For informatioin about Bahá'í Education classes in your area please contact the Education Resource Agency at era@akbahai.org.

iv. Firesides

A fireside is a meeting that is held in the home of a Bahá'í where people of all faiths and beliefs may gather to discuss any and all aspects of the Bahá'í Faith. Sometimes the fireside may be scheduled to focus on a particular topic, many times, firesides are open to any questions that arise.

Firesides provide a wonderful opportunity for meeting new people, strengthening established friendships, and above all, helping each other gain a deeper understanding of the Bahá'í Faith and the Teachings of Bahá'u'lláh.

For information about a fireside in your area please Contact us.

IV. Prayer

a) What is Bahá'í Prayer

In addition to daily Obligatory Prayer, Bahá'ís are encouraged to pray frequently, both as an individual act of turning to God and in their meetings.

There are no set forms for such prayers. The purpose of these prayers is to bring people close to God and Bahá'u'lláh, to help them to purify their own conduct, and allow then to request Divine assistance. They express the individual’s love for God and at the same time affect their inner spiritual state.

Meditation and action are linked to prayer. The more detached the worshipper becomes, the purer and more acceptable are their prayers. Prayer does not have to be necessarily prolonged, but the spirit in which it is offered is important.

Individual prayer should be offered in private and when one is free from distractions. Collective prayer – in which individuals usually take turns reading, chanting or sing prayers – is encouraged: for example, coming together at dawn for collective prayers, whether as a family of local community. Administrative meetings such as those of National Assemblies, Local Assemblies and committees commonly include prayer, whilst the regular Nineteen Day Feast begins with an integral devotional period.

b) Dynamics of Prayer for Solving Problems

The following five steps are attributed to the Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith, Shoghi Effendi. He suggested them to a Bahá'í as a means of finding a solution through the use of prayer.

Step 1) Pray and meditate about it. Use the prayers of Bahá'u'lláh and the Báb as they have the greatest power. Then remain in the silence of contemplation for a few minutes.

Step 2) Arrive at a decision and hold this. This decision is usually born during the contemplation. It may seem almost impossible of accomplishment but if it seems to be an answer to a prayer or a way of solving the problem, then immediately take the next step.

Step 3) Have determination to carry the decision through. Many fail here. The decision, budding into determination, is blighted and instead becomes a wish or a vague longing. When determination is born, immediately take the next step.

Step 4) Have faith and confidence that the power will flow through you, the right way will appear, the door will open, the right thought, the right message, the right principle, or the right book will be given to you. Have confidence and the right thing will come to your need. Then, as you rise from prayer, take at once the 5th step.

Step 5) Act as though it had all been answered. Then act with tireless, ceaseless energy. And as you act, you, yourself, will become a magnet, which will attract more power to your being, until you become and unobstructed channel for the Divine power to flow through you.

Many pray but do not remain for the last half of the first step. Some who meditate arrive at a decision, but fail to hold it. Few have the determination to carry the decision through, still fewer have the confidence that the right thing will come to their need. But how many remember to act as though it had all bee answered? How true are these words “Greater than the prayer is the spirit in which it is uttered” and greater than the way it is uttered is the spirit in which it is carried out.

c) Prayers

i. Assistance

O Thou Whose face is the object of my adoration, Whose beauty is my sanctuary, Whose court is my goal, Whose remembrance is my wish, Whose affection is my solace, Whose love is my begetter, Whose praise is my companion, Whose nearness is my hope, Whose presence is my greatest longing and supreme aspiration! Disappoint me not, I entreat Thee, by withholding from me the things Thou didst ordain for the chosen ones among Thy handmaidens, and supply me with the good of this world and of the world to come.

Thou art, verily, the Lord of creation. No God is there beside Thee, the Ever-Forgiving, the Most Bountiful.
~ Bahá'u'lláh

ii. Children

O God! Educate these children. These children are the plants of Thine orchard, the flowers of Thy meadow, the roses of Thy garden. Let Thy rain fall upon them; let the Sun of Reality shine upon them with Thy love. Let Thy breeze refresh them in order that they may be trained, grow and develop, and appear in the utmost beauty. Thou art the Giver. Thou art the Compassionate.
~ `Abdu'l-Bahá

iii. For the Departed

O my God! O Thou forgiver of sins, bestower of gifts, dispeller of afflictions!
Verily, I beseech Thee to forgive the sins of such as have abandoned the physical garment and have ascended to the spiritual world.

O my Lord! Purify them from trespasses, dispel their sorrows, and change their darkness into light. Cause them to enter the garden of happiness, cleanse them with the most pure water, and grant them to behold Thy splendors on the loftiest mount.
~ `Abdu'l-Bahá

iv. Evening

O my God, my Master, the Goal of my desire! This, Thy servant, seeketh to sleep in the shelter of Thy mercy, and to repose beneath the canopy of Thy grace, imploring Thy care and Thy protection.
I beg of Thee, O my Lord, by Thine eye that sleepeth not, to guard mine eyes from beholding aught beside Thee. Strengthen, then, their vision that they may discern Thy signs, and behold the Horizon of Thy Revelation. Thou art He before the revelations of Whose omnipotence the quintessence of power hath trembled.
No God is there but Thee, the Almighty, the All-Subduing, the Unconditioned.
~ Bahá'u'lláh

v. Forgiveness

Thou seest me, O my Lord, with my face turned towards the heaven of Thy bounty and the ocean of Thy favor, withdrawn from all else beside Thee. I ask of Thee, by the splendors of the Sun of Thy revelation on Sinai, and the effulgences of the Orb of Thy grace which shineth from the horizon of Thy Name, the Ever-Forgiving, to grant me Thy pardon and to have mercy upon me. Write down, then, for me with Thy pen of glory that which will exalt me through Thy Name in the world of creation. Aid me, O my Lord, to set myself towards Thee, and to hearken unto the voice of Thy loved ones, whom the powers of the earth have failed to weaken, and the dominion of the nations has been powerless to withhold from Thee, and who, advancing towards Thee, have said: `God is our Lord, the Lord of all who are in heaven and all who are on earth!
~ Bahá'u'lláh

vi. Healing

O God, my God! I beg of Thee by the ocean of Thy healing, and by the splendors of the Day-Star of Thy grace, and by Thy Name through which Thou didst subdue Thy servants, and by the pervasive power of Thy most exalted Word and the potency of Thy most august Pen, and by Thy mercy that hath preceded the creation of all who are in heaven and on earth, to purge me with the waters of Thy bounty from every affliction and disorder, and from all weakness and feebleness.
Thou seest, O my Lord, Thy suppliant waiting at the door of Thy bounty, and him who hath set his hopes on Thee clinging to the cord of Thy generosity. Deny him not, I beseech Thee, the things he seeketh from the ocean of Thy grace and the Day-Star of Thy loving-kindness.
Powerful art Thou to do what pleaseth Thee. There is none other God save Thee, the Ever-Forgiving, the Most Generous. ~ Bahá'u'lláh

vii. Mankind

My God, Whom I worship and adore! I bear witness unto Thy unity and Thy oneness, and acknowledge Thy gifts, both in the past and in the present. Thou art the All-Bountiful, the overflowing showers of Whose mercy have rained down upon high and low alike, and the splendors of Whose grace have been shed over both the obedient and the rebellious.
O God of mercy, before Whose door the quintessence of mercy hath bowed down, and round the sanctuary of Whose Cause loving-kindness, in its inmost spirit, hath circled, we beseech Thee, entreating Thine ancient grace, and seeking Thy present favor, that Thou mayest have mercy upon all who are the manifestations of the world of being, and to deny them not the outpourings of Thy grace in Thy days.
All are but poor and needy, and Thou, verily, art the All-Possessing, the All-Subduing, the All-Powerful.
~ Bahá'u'lláh

viii. Morning

I have wakened in Thy shelter, O my God, and it becometh him that seeketh that shelter to abide within the Sanctuary of Thy protection and the Stronghold of Thy defense. Illumine my inner being, O my Lord, with the splendors of the Day-Spring of Thy Revelation, even as Thou didst illumine my outer being with the morning light of Thy favor.
~ Bahá'u'lláh

ix. Obligatory Prayer

Bahá'u'lláh wrote three special prayers which are known as Obligatory Prayers. Bahá'ís between the ages of 15 and 70 are obligated to say one of them each day. There is a long prayer which takes about ten minutes, and can be said at any time of day; a medium one which should be said three times a day; and a short one which is to be said once, in the middle of the day. This is the short one:

I bear witness, O my God, that Thou hast created me to know Thee and to worship Thee. I testify, at this moment, to my powerlessness and to Thy might, to my poverty and to Thy wealth. There is none other God but Thee, the Help in Peril, the Self-Subsisting.
~ Bahá'u'lláh

x. Praise and Gratitude

All praise, O my God, be to Thee Who art the Source of all glory and majesty, of greatness and honor, of sovereignty and dominion, of loftiness and grace, of awe and power. Whomsoever Thou willest Thou causest to draw nigh unto the Most Great Ocean, and on whomsoever Thou desirest Thou conferrest the honor of recognizing Thy Most Ancient Name. Of all who are in heaven and on earth, none can withstand the operation of Thy sovereign Will. From all eternity Thou didst rule the entire creation, and Thou wilt continue for evermore to exercise Thy dominion over all created things. There is none other God but Thee, the Almighty, the Most Exalted, the All-Powerful, the All-Wise.
Illumine, O Lord, the faces of Thy servants, that they may behold Thee; and cleanse their hearts that they may turn unto the court of Thy heavenly favors, and recognize Him Who is the Manifestation of Thy Self and the Day-Spring of Thine Essence. Verily, Thou art the Lord of all worlds. There is no God but Thee, the Unconstrained, the All-Subduing.
~ Bahá'u'lláh

xi. A Prayer for America

O Thou kind Lord! This gathering is turning to Thee. These hearts are radiant with Thy love. These minds and spirits are exhilarated by the message of Thy glad tidings. O God! Let this American democracy become glorious in spiritual degrees even as it has aspired to material degrees, and render this just government victorious. Confirm this revered nation to upraise the standard of the oneness of humanity, to promulgate the Most Great Peace, to become thereby most glorious and praiseworthy among all the nations of the world. O God! This American nation is worthy of Thy favors and is deserving of Thy mercy. Make it precious and near to Thee through Thy bounty and bestowal.
~ `Abdu'l-Bahá

xii. Protection

O God, my God! Shield Thy trusted servants from the evils of self and passion, protect them with the watchful eye of Thy loving kindness from all rancor, hate and envy, shelter them in the impregnable stronghold of Thy care and, safe from the darts of doubtfulness, make them the manifestations of Thy glorious Signs, illumine their faces with the effulgent rays shed from the Dayspring of Thy Divine Unity, gladden their hearts with the verses revealed from Thy Holy Kingdom, strengthen their loins by Thy all-swaying power that cometh from Thy Realm of Glory. Thou art the All-Bountiful, the Protector, the Almighty, the Gracious!
~ `Abdu'l-Bahá

xiii. Spiritual Qualities

O God! Refresh and gladden my spirit. Purify my heart. Illumine my powers. I lay all my affairs in Thy hand. Thou art my Guide and my Refuge. I will no longer be sorrowful and grieved; I will be a happy and joyful being. O God! I will no longer be full of anxiety, nor will I let trouble harass me. I will not dwell on the unpleasant things of life.
O God! Thou art more friend to me than I am to myself. I dedicate myself to Thee, O Lord.
~ `Abdu'l-Bahá

xiv. Tests and Difficulties

Dispel my grief by Thy bounty and Thy generosity, O God, my God, and banish mine anguish through Thy sovereignty and Thy might. Thou seest me, O my God, with my face set towards Thee at a time when sorrows have compassed me on every side. I implore Thee, O Thou Who art the Lord of all being, and overshadowest all things visible and invisible, by Thy Name whereby Thou hast subdued the hearts and the souls of men, and by the billows of the Ocean of Thy mercy and the splendors of the Day-Star of Thy bounty, to number me with them whom nothing whatsoever hath deterred from setting their faces toward Thee, O Thou Lord of all names and Maker of the heavens!
Thou beholdest, O my Lord, the things which have befallen me in Thy days. I entreat Thee, by Him Who is the Day-Spring of Thy names and the Dawning-Place of Thine attributes, to ordain for me what will enable me to arise to serve Thee and to extol Thy virtues. Thou art, verily, the Almighty, the Most Powerful, Who art wont to answer the prayers of all men!
And, finally, I beg of Thee by the light of Thy countenance to bless my affairs, and redeem my debts, and satisfy my needs. Thou art He to Whose power and to Whose dominion every tongue hath testified, and Whose majesty and Whose sovereignty every understanding heart hath acknowledged. No God is there but Thee, Who hearest and art ready to answer. ~ Bahá'u'lláh

xv. Unity

O my God! O my God! Unite the hearts of Thy servants, and reveal to them Thy great purpose. May they follow Thy commandments and abide in Thy law. Help them, O God, in their endeavor, and grant them strength to serve Thee. O God! Leave them not to themselves, but guide their steps by the light of Thy knowledge, and cheer their hearts by Thy love. Verily, Thou art their Helper and their Lord.
~ Bahá'u'lláh

VI. Calendar

a) The Bahá'í Calendar

The Báb established a new ‘Badí’ (wondrous) calendar, which Bahá'u'lláh subsequently amended slightly as the form of a distinctive Bahá'í Calendar.

Beginning on the ancient Iranian new year (Naw-Rúz) at the spring equinox – normally March 21st – the year is divided into nineteen months of nineteen days, with four Intercalary Days (five in a leap year) being added to make up a full solar year of 365 days (19 x 19 = 361 + 4 = 365).

The Nineteen Day Feast is usually held on the first day of each month.

The months are named after attributes of God:
MONTH TRANSLATION 1st DAY

1) Bahá Splendour March 21st
2) Jalál Glory April 9th
3) Jamál Beauty April 28th
4) `Azamat Grandeur May 17th
5) Núr Light June 5th
6) Rahmat Mercy June 24th
7) Kalimát Words July 13th
8) Kamál Perfection August 1st
9) Asmá’ Names August 20th
10) `Izzat Might September 8th
11) Mashíyyat Will September 27th
12) `Ilm Knowledge October 16th
13) Qudrat Power November 4th
14) Qawl Speech November 23rd
15) Masá’il Questions December 12th
16) Sharaf Honour December 31st
17) Sultán Sovereignty January 19th
18) Mulk Dominion February 7th
19) ‘Alá’ Loftiness March 2nd

b) Bahá'í Holy Days and Observances

i. The Nineteen Day Feast

The foundation of Bahá'í community life is the Feast, which is held on the first day of every Bahá'í month, or once every 19 days. The Nineteen Day Feast is the heartbeat of the Bahá'í community. Attendance is not obligatory, but all Bahá’ís should regard it their sacred duty to attend. At the Feast Bahá’ís pray, consult and meet in loving fellowship.

The Feast consists of three parts. It begins with a devotional program of prayers and readings, which may include music and singing. This is followed by a period of consultation when the Spiritual Assembly reports to the members of the community and receives suggestions and ideas. Everyone, including children, takes part. During the last part of the Feast refreshments are served and entertainment may be provided. It is a time to renew friendships and exchange news and stories.

All three parts of the Feast are regarded as equally spiritual in content. It is a gathering especially for Bahá'ís- a time for spiritual renewal, where all Bahá'ís can experience the love and support of their community. The spirit of hospitality is more important to Bahá’ís than the material food or surroundings, and the Feast should always be a happy occasion where every Bahá'í in attendance feels welcome.
ii. Naw-Rúz (March 21st)
Naw-Rúz (translated means New Day), is the first day of the Bahá'í year, and is celebrated on March 21st, to coincide with the Spring equinox.

As the first day of the month of Bahá on the Bahá'í Calendar, it is specially consecrated, being the day on which ‘the breath of life is wafted over all created things’. It is one of the Holy Days on which work and school is to be suspended.

It is marked by prayers and joyous celebration.

iii. The Ridván Festival (April 21st – May 2nd)

‘Ridván’ is the name given by Bahá'u'lláh to the garden in Baghdad, Iraq, where He first made a public declaration of His mission as the Messenger of God.

The period of His stay in the Garden of Ridván, from April 21st to May 2nd, 1863, is regarded by Bahá'ís as being of immense significance. Bahá'u'lláh Himself refers to the first day of Ridván as being the day on which the splendors of the Divine names and attributes were shed upon the whole of creation, and all things were purified.

The whole period of Bahá'u'lláh’s sojourn in the Garden is now commemorated as a sacred festival, but three particular days are marked off as Holy Days on which Bahá'ís should suspend work and school: the first, ninth, and twelfth days (April 21st & 29th, and May 2nd). These commemorate respectively the arrival of Bahá'u'lláh at the Garden, the arrival of His family, and His final departure.

iv. Declaration of the Báb (May 22nd)

The Declaration of the Báb is a Bahá'í Holy Day commemorating the announcement of the Báb that He is the promised Messenger of God.

This event occurred at two hours and eleven minutes after sunset on the evening of May 22, 1844 in the House of the Báb in Shíráz, Iran. It is considered to mark the opening of the Bahá'í Dispensation and the beginning of the Bahá'í Era.

‘This night’, said the Báb, ‘this very hour will, in the days to come, be celebrated as one of the greatest and most significant of all festivals.’

The Declaration of the Báb is observed about two hours after sunset on May 22nd and work and school are suspended on this Holy Day.

v. Ascension of Bahá'u'lláh (May 29th)

The Ascension of Bahá'u'lláh is a Bahá'í Holy Day that commemorates the anniversary of the passing of Bahá'u'lláh, which occurred in the early hours of the morning of May 29, 1892 at Bahjí, Iraq. This solemn anniversary is observed at 3:00 a.m., often by the reading or chanting prayers.

Work and school are suspended on this Holy Day.

vi. Martyrdom of the Báb (July 9th)

The Martyrdom of the Báb is a Bahá'í Holy Day observed on July 9th commemorating the day the Báb was martyred (executed for adhering to a belief, or faith) in the barracks square of Tabríz in 1850.

When the Grand Vizier of the Sháh of Iran found he was unable to stamp out the Bábí Faith, he determined to put the Báb to death. The Báb was taken to Tabríz and a regiment of 750 riflemen was ordered to carry out the execution. When the smoke cleared after the rifles had fired, the Báb was nowhere to be seen. The bullets had only cut the ropes that bound Him, and the Báb was found in the room He had occupied the night before, continuing a conversation which had been earlier interrupted.

The leader of the regiment of riflemen refused to carry out the execution a second time and ordered his men to leave.

Another man volunteered his regiment to carry out the order, and this time, the bullets killed the Báb. He was 31 years old.

The anniversary of the Martyrdom of the Báb is observed at noon on July 9th. Work and school are suspended on this Holy Day

vii. Birth of the Báb (October 20th)

The Báb was born on October 20, 1819. This day is celebrated by Bahá'ís as a Holy Day, and work and school are suspended.

viii. Birth of Bahá'u'lláh (November 12th)

Bahá'u'lláh was born November 12, 1817. This day is celebrated by Bahá'í as a Holy Day, and work and school are suspended.

ix. Day of the Covenant (November 26th)

The Day of the Covenant festival is observed on November 26th to commemorate Bahá'u'lláh’s appointment of `Abdu'l-Bahá as the Centre of His Covenant.

`Abdu'l-Bahá had instructed that His own birthday should not be celebrated because if falls on the Declaration of the Báb and that day should be devoted to the Báb’s anniversary. At the request of the Bahá'ís `Abdu'l-Bahá gave them the Day of the Covenant to observe in His honor.

Suspension of work and school are not required on this day.

x. Passing of `Abdu'l-Bahá (November 28th)

`Abdu'l-Bahá passed away peacefully on November 28, 1921. His death is commemorated each year by the Bahá'ís on this day at about 1:00 a.m.

Suspension of work and school are not required on this day.

xi. Intercalary Days (February 26th – March 1st)

The Intercalary Days are four days (five in a leap year) each year that Bahá'u'lláh specified should occur immediately before the month of fasting.

In the Bahá'í calendar, the days in between the last month of the year and the first month of the next year are called Intercalary Days and are a period of celebration, charity, hospitality and gift-giving for the Bahá'ís.

There is no suspension of work or school on these days.

Events going on throughout Alaska that non-Bahá'ís are welcome to attend/participate in.

VII. Links

a) Official World Presence of the Bahá'í Faith on the Web
i. www.bahai.org

b) Alaska Bahá'í Sites

i. Anchorage: www.anchoragebahai.org
ii. McGrath: www.mcgrathalaska.net/~bahai/
iii. North Pole: www.angelfire.com/hi2/bahaisofnorthpole/
iv. Anchorage Bahá'í Youth Workshop: www.abyw.org

c) International Bahá'í Sites

i. List of available sites from other countries

d) Bahá'í Related Sites

i. International Bahá'í Library: library.bahai.org/
ii. Bahá'í Academics Resource Library: www.bahai-library.org/
iii. Bahá'í Prayers: www.bahaiprayers.org/
iv. Online Newsletter of the International Bahá'í Community: www.onecountry.org
v. Bahá'í World News Service: www.bahaiworldnews.org
vi. Bahá'í International Community at the United Nations: www.bic-un.bahai.org
vii. Bahá'í Faith Index: www.bcca.org/~cvoogt
viii. The Bahá'ís Magazine: www.bahai.com/thebahais
ix. Warwick Leaflets: www.fragrant.demon.co.uk/warwick.html
x. Additional Links: www.bcca.org/info/links.html

VIII. Resources

The main office for the Bahá'ís of Alaska maintains an inventory of literature and materials that cultivate the development of the Bahá'í community in Alaska.

The building of the Bahá'í Office of Alaska is located in Anchorage at 13501 Brayton Drive. Call to confirm if the bookshop will be open for visitors when you want to come – 345-3740 or abb@akbahai.org

The bookshop carries many books and pamphlets, as well as other items of interest such as posters, t-shirts, jewelry, note cards, and music.
The bookshop carries hundreds of titles that pertain to:

Art, Music & Poetry
Bahá'í Faith & Other Religions
Bahá'í History
Bahá'í Holy Places
Bereavement
Biographies
The Covenant
Education
The Environment
Health & Self Help
The Holy Family
Human Rights
Life After Death
Marriage & Family Life
Native American Subjects
Peace
Race Unity
Science & Philosophy
Social & Economic Development
Stories for Children
Women & Men
Writings of Bahá'u'lláh
Writings of the Báb
Writings of `Abdu'l-Bahá
Writings of Shoghi Effendi
Writings of the Universal House of Justice

IX. Selections from the Bahá'í Writings

a) Statements

i. Message to World Leaders
ii. Who is Writing the Future
iii. Turning Point for All Nations
iv. The Prosperity of Humankind
v. Promise of World Peace
vi. A Message to the Indian and Eskimo Bahá'ís of the Western Hemisphere

b) Bad Language

It behoveth every man to blot out the trace of every idle word from the tablet of his heart.

Defile not thy tongue with cursing or execrating anyone, and guard your eyes against that which is not worthy.

The tongue is for mentioning that which is good; pollute it not with evil speech. God hath forgiven ye that which is past; hereafter ye must all speak that which is befitting. Avoid execration, reviling, and that which is aggravating to man.
~Bahá'u'lláh

c) Charity

Charity is pleasing and praiseworthy in the sight of God and is regarded as a prince among goodly deeds.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Withhold not from the poor the gifts which the grace of God hath bestowed upon you. He, verily, shall recompense the charitable, and doubly repay them for what they have bestowed.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

d) Chastity

We, verily, have decreed in Our Book a goodly and bountiful reward to whosoever will turn away from wickedness and lead a chaste and godly life. He, in truth, is the Great Giver, the All-Bountiful.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

O friends! Prefer not your will to Mine, never desire that which I have not desired for you, and approach Me not with lifeless hearts, defiled with worldly desires and cravings.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Such a chaste and holy life, with its implications of modesty, purity, temperance, decency, and clean-mindedness, involves no less than the exercise of moderation in all that pertains to dress, language, amusements, and all artistic and literary avocations. It demands daily vigilance in the control of one's carnal desires and corrupt inclinations. It calls for the abandonment of a frivolous conduct, with its excessive attachment to trivial and often misdirected pleasures. It requires total abstinence from all alcoholic drinks, from opium, and from similar habit-forming drugs. It condemns the prostitution of art and of literature, the practices of nudism and of companionate marriage, infidelity in marital relationships, and all manner of promiscuity, of easy familiarity, and of sexual vices. It can tolerate no compromise with the theories, the standards, the habits, and the excesses of a decadent age. Nay rather it seeks to demonstrate, through the dynamic force of its example, the pernicious character of such theories, the falsity of such standards, the hollowness of such claims, the perversity of such habits, and the sacrilegious character of such excesses.
~ Shoghi Effendi

It must be remembered, however, that the maintenance of such a high standard of moral conduct is not to be associated or confused with any form of asceticism, or of excessive and bigoted puritanism. The standard inculcated by Bahá’u’lláh seeks, under no circumstances, to deny anyone the legitimate right and privilege to derive the fullest advantage and benefit from the manifold joys, beauties, and pleasures with which the world has been so plentifully enriched by an All-Loving Creator. "Should a man," Bahá’u’lláh Himself reassures us, "wish to adorn himself with the ornaments of the earth, to wear its apparels, or partake of the benefits it can bestow, no harm can befall him, if he alloweth nothing whatever to intervene between him and God, for God hath ordained every good thing, whether created in the heavens or in the earth, for such of His servants as truly believe in Him. Eat ye, O people, of the good things which God hath allowed you, and deprive not yourselves from His wondrous bounties. Render thanks and praise unto Him, and be of them that are truly thankful."
~ Shoghi Effendi

e) Children

Training in morals and good conduct is far more important than book learning. A child that is cleanly, agreeable, of good character, well-behaved - even though he be ignorant - is preferable to a child that is rude, unwashed, ill-natured, and yet becoming deeply versed in all the sciences and arts. The reason for this is that the child who conducts himself well, even though he be ignorant, is of benefit to others, while an ill-natured, ill-behaved child is corrupted and harmful to others, even though he be learned. If, however, the child be trained to be both learned and good, the result is light upon light.
Children are even as a branch that is fresh and green; they will grow up in whatever way ye train them. Take the utmost care to give them high ideals and goals, so that once they come of age, they will cast their beams like brilliant candles on the world, and will not be defiled by lusts and passions in the way of animals, heedless and unaware, but instead will set their hearts on achieving everlasting honor and acquiring all the excellences of humankind.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

f) Cleanliness

Wings that are besmirched with mire can never soar.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

My meaning is this, that in every aspect of life, purity and holiness, cleanliness and refinement, exalt the human condition and further the development of man's inner reality. Even in the physical realm, cleanliness will conduce to spirituality, as the Holy Writings clearly state. And although bodily cleanliness is a physical thing, it hath, nevertheless, a powerful influence on the life of the spirit. It is even as a voice wondrously sweet, or a melody played: although sounds are but vibrations in the air which affect the ear's auditory nerve, and these vibrations are but chance phenomena carried along through the air, even so, see how they move the heart. A wondrous melody is wings for the spirit, and maketh the soul to tremble for joy. The purport is that physical cleanliness doth also exert its effect upon the human soul.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

g) Compassion

We exhort the loved ones of God to observe justice and fairness, and to do that which would prompt the friends of God to evince tender mercy and compassion towards each other.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Under all conditions, whether in adversity or at ease, whether honored or afflicted, this Wronged One hath directed all men to show forth love, affection, compassion and harmony.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

To look after the sick is one of the greatest duties. For every soul who becomes sick, the other friends should certainly offer their lives (in service) with the utmost kindness."
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

h) Courtesy

I admonish you to observe courtesy, for above all else it is the prince of virtues. Well is it with him who is illumined with the light of courtesy and is attired with the vesture of uprightness. Whoso is endued with courtesy hath indeed attained a sublime station.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

We, verily, have chosen courtesy, and made it the true mark of such as are nigh unto Him. Courtesy is, in truth, a raiment which fitteth all men, whether young or old. Well is it with him that adorneth his temple therewith, and woe unto him who is deprived of this great bounty.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

i) Death

Death proffereth unto every confident believer the cup that is life indeed. It bestoweth joy, and is the bearer of gladness. It conferreth the gift of everlasting life.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

O SON OF MAN! Thou art My dominion and My dominion perisheth not, wherefore fearest thou thy perishing? Thou art My light and My light shall never be extinguished, why dost thou dread extinction? Thou art My glory and My glory fadeth not; thou art My robe and My robe shall never be outworn. Abide then in thy love for Me, that thou mayest find Me in the realm of glory.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

j) Detachment

No man shall attain the shores of the ocean of true understanding except he be detached from all that is in heaven and on earth. Sanctify your souls, O ye peoples of the world, that haply ye may attain that station which God hath destined for you…
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Should any man, in this Day, arise and, with absolute detachment from all that is in the heavens and all that is on the earth, set his affections on Him Who is the Day Spring of God's holy Revelation, he will, verily, be empowered to subdue all created things, through the potency of one of the Names of the Lord, his God, the All-Knowing, the All-Wise. Know thou of a certainty that the Day Star of Truth hath, in this Day, shed upon the world a radiance, the like of which bygone ages have never witnessed. Let the light of His glory, O people, shine upon you, and be not of the negligent.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

k) Education

Bend your minds and wills to the education of the peoples and kindreds of the earth, that haply the dissensions that divide it may, through the power of the Most Great Name, be blotted out from its face, and all mankind become the upholders of one Order, and the inhabitants of one City.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

We prescribe unto all men that which will lead to the exaltation of the Word of God amongst His servants, and likewise, to the advancement of the world of being and the uplift of souls. To this end, the greatest means is education of the child. To this must each and all hold fast.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

It is not desirable that a man be left without knowledge or skills, for he is then but a barren tree. Then, so much as capacity and capability allow, ye needs must deck the tree of being with fruits such as knowledge, wisdom, spiritual perception and eloquent speech.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

l) Equality

O CHILDREN OF MEN! Know ye not why We created you all from the same dust? That no one should exalt himself over the other. Ponder at all times in your hearts how ye were created. Since We have created you all from one same substance it is incumbent on you to be even as one soul, to walk with the same feet, eat with the same mouth and dwell in the same land, that from your inmost being, by your deeds and actions, the signs of oneness and the essence of detachment may be made manifest. Such is My counsel to you, O concourse of light! Heed ye this counsel that ye may obtain the fruit of holiness from the tree of wondrous glory.
~ Bahá'u'lláh

m) Fear of God

dread of the penalties maketh people desist only outwardly from committing vile and contemptible deeds, while that which guardeth and restraineth man both outwardly and inwardly hath been and still is the fear of God. It is man's true protector and his spiritual guardian.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

In truth, religion is a radiant light and an impregnable stronghold for the protection and welfare of the peoples of the world, for the fear of God impelleth man to hold fast to that which is good, and shun all evil. Should the lamp of religion be obscured, chaos and confusion will ensue, and the lights of fairness and justice, of tranquility and peace cease to shine.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

The fear of God hath ever been a sure defense and a safe stronghold for all the peoples of the world. It is the chief cause of the protection of mankind, and the supreme instrument for its preservation.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

n) Fidelity / Faithfulness

Indeed thy Lord loveth fidelity as found in the realm of creation, and He hath given it precedence over most of the praiseworthy qualities.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

The essence of faith is fewness of words and abundance of deeds; he whose words exceed his deeds, know verily his death is better than his life.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

o) Friendliness / Fellowship

It behoveth man to adhere tenaciously unto that which will promote fellowship, kindliness and unity.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Ye are the fruits of one tree, and the leaves of one branch. Deal ye one with another with the utmost love and harmony, with friendliness and fellowship.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

They that are endued with sincerity and faithfulness should associate with all the peoples and kindreds of the earth with joy and radiance, inasmuch as consorting with people hath promoted and will continue to promote unity and concord, which in turn are conducive to the maintenance of order in the world and to the regeneration of nations.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

p) Generosity

Be generous in your days of plenty, and be patient in the hour of loss. Adversity is followed by success and rejoicings follow woe.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

To give and to be generous are attributes of Mine; well is it with him that adorneth himself with My virtues.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

q) Good Character

A good character is, verily, the best mantle for men from God. With it He adorneth the temples of His loved ones. By My life! The light of a good character surpasseth the light of the sun and the radiance thereof. Whoso attaineth unto it is accounted as a jewel among men. The glory and the upliftment of the world must needs depend upon it. A goodly character is a means whereby men are guided to the Straight Path and are led to the Great Announcement.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Were man to appreciate the greatness of his station and the loftiness of his destiny he would manifest naught save goodly character, pure deeds, and a seemly and praiseworthy conduct.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

A good character is in the sight of God and His chosen ones and the possessors of insight, the most excellent and praiseworthy of all things, but always on condition that its center of emanation should be reason and knowledge and its base should be true moderation.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

r) Gossip / Backbiting

Backbiting quencheth the light of the heart, and extinguisheth the life of the soul.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

If ye become aware of a sin committed by another, conceal it, that God may conceal your own sin. He, verily, is the Concealer, the Lord of grace abounding.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

How couldst thou forget thine own faults and busy thyself with the faults of others? Whoso doeth this is accursed of Me.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

According to the direct and sacred command of God we are forbidden to utter slander, are commanded to show forth peace and amity, are exhorted to rectitude of conduct, straightforwardness and harmony with all the kindreds and peoples of the world.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

s) Happiness

Man is, in reality, a spiritual being, and only when he lives in the spirit is he truly happy.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

True happiness depends on spiritual good and having the heart ever open to receive the Divine Bounty.
If the heart turns away from the blessings God offers how can it hope for happiness? If it does not put its hope and trust in God's Mercy, where can it find rest? Oh, trust in God! for His Bounty is everlasting, and in His Blessings, for they are superb. Oh! put your faith in the Almighty, for He faileth not and His goodness endureth for ever!
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

Anybody can be happy in the state of comfort, ease, health, success, pleasure and joy; but if one will be happy and contented in the time of trouble, hardship and prevailing disease, it is the proof of nobility.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

If any trouble or vicissitude comes into your lives, if your heart is depressed on account of health, livelihood or vocation, let not these things affect you. They should not cause unhappiness, for Bahá’u’lláh has brought you divine happiness. He has prepared heavenly food for you; He has destined eternal bounty for you; He has bestowed everlasting glory upon you. Therefore, these glad tidings should cause you to soar in the atmosphere of joy forever and ever. Render continual thanks unto God so that the confirmations of God may encircle you all.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

t) Health

If the health and well-being of the body be expended in the path of the Kingdom, this is very acceptable and praiseworthy; and if it is expended to the benefit of the human world in general - even though it be to their material benefit and be a means of doing good - that is also acceptable. But if the health and welfare of man be spent in sensual desires, in a life on the animal plane, and in devilish pursuits - then disease is better than such health; nay, death itself is preferable to such a life. If thou art desirous of health, wish thou health for serving the Kingdom. I hope thou mayest attain a perfect insight, an inflexible resolution, a complete health and spiritual and physical strength in order that thou mayest drink from the fountain of eternal life and be assisted by the spirit of divine confirmation.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

u) Humility

Humility exalteth man to the heaven of glory and power, whilst pride abaseth him to the depths of wretchedness and degradation.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

O SON OF MAN! Wert thou to speed through the immensity of space and traverse the expanse of heaven, yet thou wouldst find no rest save in submission to Our command and humbleness before Our Face.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

v) Integrity

Let integrity and uprightness distinguish all thine acts.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

The sword of a virtuous character and upright conduct is sharper than blades of steel.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

w) Joy

Sorrow not if, in these days and on this earthly plane, things contrary to your wishes have been ordained and manifested by God, for days of blissful joy, of heavenly delight, are assuredly in store for you.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Whoso keepeth the commandments of God shall attain everlasting felicity.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Rejoice, for the heavenly table is prepared for you.
Rejoice, for the angels of heaven are your assistants and helpers.
Rejoice, for the glance of the Blessed Beauty, Bahá’u’lláh, is directed upon you.
Rejoice, for Bahá’u’lláh is your Protector.
Rejoice, for the everlasting glory is destined for you.
Rejoice, for the eternal life is awaiting you.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

x) Justice

The best beloved of all things in My sight is Justice; turn not away therefrom if thou desirest Me, and neglect it not that I may confide in thee. By its aid thou shalt see with thine own eyes and not through the eyes of others, and shalt know of thine own knowledge and not through the knowledge of thy neighbor. Ponder this in thy heart; how it behooveth thee to be. Verily justice is My gift to thee and the sign of My loving-kindness. Set it then before thine eyes.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Justice is a powerful force. It is, above all else, the conqueror of the citadels of the hearts and souls of men, and the revealer of the secrets of the world of being, and the standard-bearer of love and bounty.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

No light can compare with the light of justice. The establishment of order in the world and the tranquility of the nations depend upon it.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

O people of God! That which traineth the world is Justice, for it is upheld by two pillars, reward and punishment. These two pillars are the sources of life to the world.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

y) Kindliness

Blessed are such as hold fast to the cord of kindliness and tender mercy and are free from animosity and hatred.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

A kindly tongue is the lodestone of the hearts of men. It is the bread of the spirit, it clotheth the words with meaning, it is the fountain of the light of wisdom and understanding.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

z) Knowledge

In truth, knowledge is a veritable treasure for man, and a source of glory, of bounty, of joy, of exaltation, of cheer and gladness unto him. Happy the man that cleaveth unto it, and woe betide the heedless.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Arts, crafts and sciences uplift the world of being, and are conducive to its exaltation. Knowledge is as wings to man's life, and a ladder for his ascent. Its acquisition is incumbent upon everyone. The knowledge of such sciences, however, should be acquired as can profit the peoples of the earth, and not those which begin with words and end with words.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Knowledge is love. Study, listen to exhortations, think, try to understand the wisdom and greatness of God. The soil must be fertilized before the seed can be sown.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

aa) Life after Death

Man is Destined by God to Develop Spiritually Through Eternity
"With regard to the soul of man. According to the Baha'i Teachings the human soul starts with the formation of the human embryo, and continues to develop and pass through endless stages of existence after its separation from the body. Its progress is thus infinite."
~ Shoghi Effendi

The Soul Will Continue to Ascend Through Many Worlds
"Concerning the future life, what Bahá’u’lláh says is that the soul will continue to ascend through many worlds. What those worlds are and what their nature is we cannot know. The same way that the child in the matrix cannot know this world so we cannot know what the other world is going to be."
~ Shoghi Effendi

"We know from His Teachings that reincarnation does not exist. We come on to this planet once only. Our life here is like the baby in the womb of its mother, which develops in that state what is necessary for its entire life after it is born. The same is true of us. Spiritually we must develop here what we will require for the life after death. In that future life, God, through His Mercy, can help us to evolve characteristics which we neglected to develop while we were on this earthly plane. It is not necessary for us to come back and be born into another body in order to advance spiritually and grow closer to God.
"This is the Baha'i Teaching, and this is what the followers of Bahá’u’lláh must accept, regardless of what experiences other people may feel they have.
~ Shoghi Effendi

bb) Loyalty

Inasmuch as God is loving, why should we be unjust and unkind? As God manifests loyalty and mercy, why should we show forth enmity and hatred? Surely the divine policy is more perfect than human plan and theory; for no matter how wise and sagacious man may become, he can never attain a policy that is superior to the policy of God. Therefore, we must emulate the attitude of God, love all people, be just and kind to every human creature.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

cc) Meditation

Through the faculty of meditation man attains to eternal life; through it he receives the breath of the Holy Spirit - the bestowal of the Spirit is given in reflection and meditation.
The spirit of man is itself informed and strengthened during meditation; through it affairs of which man knew nothing are unfolded before his view. Through it he receives Divine inspiration, through it he receives heavenly food.
Meditation is the key for opening the doors of mysteries. In that state man abstracts himself: in that state man withdraws himself from all outside objects; in that subjective mood he is immersed in the ocean of spiritual life and can unfold the secrets of things-in-themselves. To illustrate this, think of man as endowed with two kinds of sight; when the power of insight is being used the outward power of vision does not see.
This faculty of meditation frees man from the animal nature, discerns the reality of things, puts man in touch with God.
This faculty brings forth from the invisible plane the sciences and arts. Through the meditative faculty inventions are made possible, colossal undertakings are carried out; through it governments can run smoothly. Through this faculty man enters into the very Kingdom of God.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

dd) Mercy

Set your reliance on the army of justice, put on the armour of wisdom, let your adorning be forgiveness and mercy and that which cheereth the hearts of the well-favoured of God.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

This is the hour when ye must associate with all the earth's peoples in extreme kindliness and love, and be to them the signs and tokens of God's great mercy. Ye must become the very soul of the world, the living spirit in the body of the children of men. In this wondrous Age, at this time when the Ancient Beauty, the Most Great Name, bearing unnumbered gifts, hath risen above the horizon of the world, the Word of God hath infused such awesome power into the inmost essence of humankind that He hath stripped men's human qualities of all effect, and hath, with His all-conquering might, unified the peoples in a vast sea of oneness.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

ee) Moderation

In all matters moderation is desirable. If a thing is carried to excess, it will prove a source of evil.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Whatsoever passeth beyond the limits of moderation will cease to exert a beneficial influence. Consider for instance such things as liberty, civilization and the like. However much men of understanding may favorably regard them, they will, if carried to excess, exercise a pernicious influence upon men.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

The choice of clothing and the cut of the beard and its dressing are left to the discretion of men. But beware, O people, lest ye make yourselves the playthings of the ignorant.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Such a chaste and holy life, with its implications of modesty, purity, temperance, decency, and clean-mindedness, involves no less than the exercise of moderation in all that pertains to dress, language,
amusements, and all artistic and literary avocations. It demands daily vigilance in the control of one's carnal desires and corrupt inclinations
~ Shoghi Effendi

ff) Obedience

He, truly, is to be obeyed in whatsoever He commandeth, and decreeth, and revealeth, and is to be loved in everything He, through His sovereignty, enjoineth, and, through His power, ordaineth.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

The Law must reign, and not the individual; thus will the world become a place of beauty and true brotherhood will be realized. Having attained solidarity, men will have found truth.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

gg) Patience

He, verily, shall increase the reward of them that endure with patience.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

O SON OF MAN! For everything there is a sign. The sign of love is fortitude under My decree and patience under My trials.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Be patient under all conditions, and place your whole trust and confidence in God.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

hh) Prayer

The traditions established the fact that in all Dispensations the law of prayer hath constituted a fundamental element of the Revelation of all the Prophets of God.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

And as the sun and moon constitute the brightest and most prominent luminaries in the heavens, similarly in the heaven of the religion of God two shining orbs have been ordained - fasting and prayer.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Intone, O My servant, the verses of God that have been received by thee, as intoned by them who have drawn nigh unto Him, that the sweetness of thy melody may kindle thine own soul, and attract the hearts of all men. Whoso reciteth, in the privacy of his chamber, the verses revealed by God, the scattering angels of the Almighty shall scatter abroad the fragrance of the words uttered by his mouth, and shall cause the heart of every righteous man to throb. Though he may, at first, remain unaware of its effect, yet the virtue of the grace vouchsafed unto him must needs sooner or later exercise its influence upon his soul.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

ii) Purity

O SON OF SPIRIT! My first counsel is this: Possess a pure, kindly and radiant heart, that thine may be a sovereignty ancient, imperishable and everlasting.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

We verily behold your actions. If We perceive from them the sweet smelling savor of purity and holiness, We will most certainly bless you.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

jj) Selflessness

O SON OF SPIRIT! There is no peace for thee save by renouncing thyself and turning unto Me; for it behooveth thee to glory in My name, not in thine own; to put thy trust in Me and not in thyself, since I desire to be loved alone and above all that is.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Let your vision be world-embracing, rather than confined to your own self.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

By self-surrender and perpetual union with God is meant that men should merge their will wholly in the Will of God, and regard their desires as utter nothingness beside His Purpose.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

kk) Service

The Great Being saith: Blessed and happy is he that ariseth to promote the best interests of the peoples and kindreds of the earth.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

O people of God! Do not busy yourselves in your own concerns; let your thoughts be fixed upon that which will rehabilitate the fortunes of mankind and sanctify the hearts and souls of men.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

For service in love for mankind is unity with God. He who serves has already entered the Kingdom and is seated at the right hand of his Lord.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

ll) Sincerity

He should not wish for others that which he doth not wish for himself, nor promise that which he doth not fulfill.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Take heed, O people, lest ye be of them that give good counsel to others but forget to follow it themselves. The words of such as these, and beyond the words the realities of all things, and beyond these realities the angels that are nigh unto God, bring against them the accusation of falsehood.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

mm) Trustworthiness

Know thou for a certainty that whoso disbelieveth in God is neither trustworthy nor truthful. This, indeed, is the truth, the undoubted truth. He that acteth treacherously towards God will, also, act treacherously towards his king. Nothing whatever can deter such a man from evil, nothing can hinder him from betraying his neighbor, nothing can induce him to walk uprightly.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Trustworthiness is the greatest portal leading unto the tranquility and security of the people. In truth the stability of every affair hath depended and doth depend upon it. All the domains of power, of grandeur and of wealth are illumined by its light.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

nn) Truthfulness / Honesty

Beautify your tongues, O people, with truthfulness, and adorn your souls with the ornament of honesty. Beware, O people, that ye deal not treacherously with any one.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Truthfulness is the foundation of all the virtues of the world of humanity. Without truthfulness, progress and success in all of the worlds of God are impossible for a soul. When this holy attribute is established in man, all the divine qualities will also become realized.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

oo) Unity

The fundamental purpose animating the Faith of God and His Religion is to safeguard the interests and promote the unity of the human race, and to foster the spirit of love and fellowship amongst men. Suffer it not to become a source of dissension and discord, of hate and enmity.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

The well-being of mankind, its peace and security, are unattainable unless and until its unity is firmly established.
~ Bahá'u'lláh

Set your faces towards unity, and let the radiance of its light shine upon you. Gather ye together, and for the sake of God resolve to root out whatever is the source of contention amongst you.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

Cleave tenaciously unto that which will lead to the well-being and tranquility of all mankind. This span of earth is but one homeland and one habitation. It behoveth you to abandon vainglory which causeth alienation and to set your hearts on whatever will ensure harmony.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

pp) Vengeance

Now vengeance, according to reason, is also blameworthy, because through vengeance no good result is gained by the avenger. So if a man strikes another, and he who is struck takes revenge by returning the blow, what advantage will he gain? Will this be a balm for his wound or a remedy for his pain? No, God forbid! In truth the two actions are the same: both are injuries; the only difference is that one occurred first, and the other afterward. Therefore, if he who is struck forgives, nay, if he acts in a manner contrary to that which has been used toward him, this is laudable. The law of the community will punish the aggressor but will not take revenge. This punishment has for its end to warn, to protect and to oppose cruelty and transgression so that other men may not be tyrannical.
But if he who has been struck pardons and forgives, he shows the greatest mercy. This is worthy of admiration.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

Thus when Christ said: "Whosoever shall smite thee on the right cheek, turn to him the left one also,"(1) it was for the purpose of teaching men not to take personal revenge. He did not mean that, if a wolf should fall upon a flock of sheep and wish to destroy it, the wolf should be encouraged to do so. No, if Christ had known that a wolf had entered the fold and was about to destroy the sheep, most certainly He would have prevented it.
~ `Abdu’l-Bahá

qq) Violence

Should anyone wax angry with you, respond to him with gentleness; and should anyone upbraid you, forbear to upbraid him in return, but leave him to himself and put your trust in God, the omnipotent Avenger, the Lord of might and justice.
~ Bahá’u’lláh

There is no glory for him that committeth disorder on the earth after it hath been made so good. Fear God, O people, and be not of them that act unjustly."
~ Bahá’u’lláh

XI. Bahá'í Glossary

A

1. 'Abdu'l-Bahá (1844 - 1921)

The name by which Bahá'u'lláh's son and appointed successor Abbas Effendi is commonly known. "'Abdu'l-Bahá" means "Servant of Bahá." He was designated by Bahá'u'lláh as the "Center of the Covenant" towards whom all Bahá'ís should turn, the authorized interpreter of His Father's Writings, and the perfect exemplar of Bahá'í life.

2. Abhá

Most glorious. "Bahá" means glory, and "Abhá" is its superlative form. Both are titles of Bahá'u'lláh and of His Kingdom.

3. Ablutions

The ritual washing of the hands and face in preparation for prayer. Bahá'u'lláh requires ablutions as part of the daily obligatory prayer. See also: Obligatory Prayer

4. 'Akká

The prison-city near Haifa (in modern-day Israel) where Bahá'u'lláh was imprisoned from late August, 1868 through June, 1877. See also: Bahjí, Mazra'ih, Most Great Prison

5. Alláh-u-Abhá

A form of the Greatest Name, literally meaning "the Glory of the All-Glorious." It is often used by Bahá'ís as a greeting. See also: Greatest Name, Ya Bahá'u'l-Abhá

6. Ancient of Days

A title of God. In the Bible it appears in the Book of Daniel. It also appears frequently in the Bahá'í Holy Writings.

7. Ancient Beauty

A title of Bahá'u'lláh

8. The Arc

The collection of administrative buildings at the Bahá'í World Center on Mt. Carmel, Israel. The buildings on the Arc include the Seat of the Universal House of Justice, the International Teaching Center, the International Archives, and the Center for the Study of the Sacred Texts.

9. Auxiliary Board

An appointed administrative body created by the Universal House of Justice to take over and extend the functions of the Hands of the Cause of God. (The House does not have the power to appoint new Hands of the Cause.) Auxiliary Board members are appointed on the basis of their spiritual knowledge and primarily act as advisors to the Local Spiritual Assemblies and individuals in their areas. See also: Continental Board of Counselors, Hand of the Cause of God, International Teaching Center

10. Ayyam-i-Há

Literally, "the days of Há" (Há being a letter in the Arabic alphabet associated with God). A four-day period (five in leap years) of charity, gift-giving and celebration that immediately precedes the period of fasting.

B

11. The Báb (1819 - 1850)

Literally, "the Gate." The title by which is known Hájí Siyyid Mírzá Alí Muhammad Shirazi, the Prophet-Founder of the Bábí Faith and "Herald" of the Bahá'í Faith. Throughout His brief mission, the Báb called upon the people to purify themselves in preparation for the coming of "Him whom God will manifest." He ministry ended with His public execution on July 9, 1850 in Tabríz, Persia.

12. Bábí

A follower of the Báb. Upon Bahá'u'lláh's declaration of His mission most of the Bábís accepted Him and became Bahá'ís.

13. Badí Calendar

A solar calendar used by Bahá'ís, comprised of 19 months each having 19 days, and four intercalary days (five in leap years) inserted between the 18th and 19th months.

14. Bahá'u'lláh (1817 - 1892)

Literally, "the Glory of God." The title by which is known Mírzá Husayn Alí Nuri, the Prophet-Founder of the Bahá'í Faith. He spent His 40-year ministry in prison and in exile. In spite of great hardships and the opposition of the most powerful people in the Islamic world, He persisted in spreading His message of unity and peace, authored the equivalent of 100 volumes (which form the core of the Bahá'í Holy Writings), and called upon the world's leaders to reconcile their differences and establish true justice in the world.

15. Bahá'í

A follower of Bahá'u'lláh.

16. Bahjí

The house near 'Akká where Bahá'u'lláh was allowed to spend His final years (1879 - 1892). He is buried in a shrine at Bahjí, the holiest spot on Earth for Bahá'ís. See also: 'Akká, Mazra'ih, Most Great Prison

17. Bayán

The most important Book written by the Báb, in which His laws are revealed.

C

18. Continental Board of Counselors

An appointed administrative body created by the Universal House of Justice to take over and extend the functions of the Hands of the Cause of God. (The House does not have the power to appoint new Hands of the Cause.) The Counselors are appointed on the basis of their spiritual knowledge and primarily act as advisors to the National Spiritual Assemblies in their areas. See also: Auxiliary Board, Hand of the Cause of God, International Teaching Center

19. Covenant

In the general religious sense, a covenant is an agreement between God and humanity. In Bahá'í terms, two covenants are recognized: the Greater Covenant and the Lesser Covenant. The Greater Covenant is an element of every religion, and provides God's assurance that He will send another Manifestation of God in the future. The Lesser Covenant is specific to the Bahá'í Faith and involves Bahá'u'lláh's assurance that the unity of His followers will be maintained. See also: Greater Covenant, Lesser Covenant

20. Creative Word

The Word of God, which is the agent of creation. The term is only applied to those Holy Writings that can be authenticated as being the actual words of a Manifestation of God. Practically speaking, these are the Qur'án, the Writings of the Báb, and the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh. See also: Manifestation of God

D

21. Declaration Card

A document (usually about the size of an index card) used to formally register a person in the Bahá'í Faith.

22. Deepening

The process of studying to gain deeper understanding of the Holy Writings (usually Bahá'í Writings but sometimes those of other religions as well).

23. Devotional Meeting

A gathering where Bahá'ís and those of other faiths come together to pray and read from the Holy Writings of the world's religions. There is usually an emphasis on the Bahá'í Holy Writings, but readings may be and often are drawn from other Holy Books, such as the Bible and the Qur’án.

F

24. The Fast

Bahá'ís observe a 19-day period of fasting from March 2 through March 20 of each year. The Fast coincides with the month of 'Alá, the 19th (and last) month of the Bahá'í year. During this time, adult Bahá'ís abstain from eating and drinking between the hours of sunrise and sunset. A spiritual discipline, fasting is symbolic of restraint and of obedience to God. Children, the elderly, pregnant and nursing mothers, and the ill are exempted from fasting.

25. Feast

A local gathering for Bahá'ís held on the first day of each Bahá'í month incorporating devotions, consultation on community events, and socialization. Because each Bahá'í month is nineteen days long, Feasts occur once every nineteen days.

26. Fireside

An informal gathering designed to allow anyone interested in learning about the Bahá'í Faith to explore its teachings and history in a no-pressure atmosphere. Increasingly, this term is being replaced by more descriptive phrases, such as "introductory meeting."

27. Fund

The financial resource that supports the work of an administrative body. Bahá'í Funds exist to support the Universal House of Justice, each National Spiritual Assembly, each Local Spiritual Assembly, each Continental Board of Counselors, and other institutions as necessary. Only Bahá'ís can contribute to these Funds.

G

28. Greater Covenant

God's agreement with each Manifestation of God that in exchange for the obedience of His followers another Manifestation of God will appear in the future. See also: Covenant, Lesser Covenant

29. Greatest Name (also "Most Great Name")

A title of Bahá'u'lláh, and various forms of His name. The most common are "Alláh-u-Abhá" ("the Glory of the All-Glorious") and "Ya Bahá'u'l-Abhá" ("O Thou the Glory of the All-Glorious"). There are also several calligraphic expressions of the Greatest Name. See also: Alláh-u-Abhá, Ya Bahá'u'l-Abhá

30. Guardian

A hereditary administrative post anticipated by Bahá'u'lláh and created by 'Abdu'l-Bahá. The Guardian was given the sole authority to interpret the Holy Writings. 'Abdu'l-Bahá appointed His grandson Shoghi Effendi to be the first Guardian. The line of the Guardians both began and ended with him, since at the time of his death there were no qualified persons who he could appoint as his successor. See also: Shoghi Effendi

H

31. Hand of the Cause of God

An appointed administrative position. Hands of the Cause were appointed by Bahá'u'lláh, 'Abdu'l-Bahá, and Shoghi Effendi. (The power to appoint them was given to the Guardian.) The Hands of the Cause, appointed on the basis of their spiritual knowledge and wisdom, act as advisors and emissaries for the Guardian and the Universal House of Justice. As of the present year (2002) there are only two Hands of the Cause still living. See also: Auxiliary Board, Continental Board of Counselors, International Teaching Center

32. Homefront Pioneer

A Bahá'í who leaves his or her home and takes up residence elsewhere in the same country for the purpose of spreading Bahá'u'lláh's teachings. See also: Deputize, Pioneer

33. Holy Day

A religious celebration or commemoration. Bahá'ís celebrate eleven Holy Days, on nine of which work should be suspended. These days are: Naw-Rúz (March 21), the First Day of Ridván (April 21), the Ninth Day of Ridván (April 29), the Twelfth Day of Ridván (May 2), the Declaration of the Báb (May 23), the Ascension of Bahá'u'lláh (May 29), the Martyrdom of the Báb (July 9), the Birth of the Báb (October 20), the Birth of Bahá'u'lláh (November 12), the Day of the Covenant (November 26), and the Ascension of 'Abdu'l-Bahá (November 28). The latter two are not days on which work should be suspended.

34. House of Justice

An elected administrative body consisting of nine members with jurisdiction over a specified region. Bahá'u'lláh created these Houses of Justice in the Kitáb-i-Aqdas. At present, the Universal House of Justice, the supreme administrative body of the Faith, is the only one in existence. The Local and National Spiritual Assemblies are the embryonic forms of future Houses of Justice at their respective levels. See also: Spiritual Assembly

35. House of Worship

A temple in which Bahá'í worship services are held. At present there are only seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world, but in time every Bahá'í community will have one, with associated dependencies such as a university and a home for the aged. See also: Mashriqu'l-Adhkár

I

36. International Teaching Center

An appointed administrative body created by the Universal House of Justice to take over and extend the functions of the Hands of the Cause of God. (The House does not have the power to appoint new Hands of the Cause.) The members of the Center are appointed on the basis of their spiritual knowledge and primarily act as advisors to the Universal House of Justice. See also: Auxiliary Board, Continental Board of Counselors, Hand of the Cause of God

37. Ishráq

Literally, "splendor." Bahá'u'lláh titled one of His tablets "Ishráqát" in which He enumerates nine "splendors": the profound regard the wealthy and powerful should have for religion, the establishment of the Most Great Peace, the importance of observing God's commandments, the importance of praiseworthy deeds and an upright character, the need for governments to understand the conditions of their people, union and concord amongst all peoples, the education of children, the authority of the House of Justice, and the establishment of unity and concord as the purpose of religion. See also: House of Justice, Most Great Peace, Tajallí, Taráz

K

38. Kawthar

A river in paradise that is the source of all other rivers. Bahá'u'lláh mentions it in a symbolic sense in a number of places in His Writings.

39. Knight of Bahá'u'lláh

A designation conferred by Shoghi Effendi on certain individuals who were the first Bahá'ís to travel to a country or territory for the purposes of spreading the religion.

L

40. Local Spiritual Assembly (LSA)

The elected body that administers the affairs of the Bahá'í Faith at the local level. See also: House of Justice, Spiritual Assembly

41. Lesser Covenant

Bahá'u'lláh's agreement with His followers that in exchange for their obedience to His laws and institutions, He will protect the unity of the religion. See also: Covenant, Greater Covenant
42. Lesser Peace

A state of relative world peace and security created by an international treaty that fixes borders and armaments for all nations and supported by a collective security arrangement. Bahá'u'lláh called upon the world's leaders to establish the Lesser Peace. See also: Most Great Peace

43. Letters of the Living

The first eighteen disciples of the Báb, plus the Báb Himself. See also: The Báb

44. Lote Tree

"Sadratu'l-Muntahá" in Arabic. In the English translation of the Bahá'í Writings, the term sometimes appears translated and sometimes untranslated. The Lote Tree is "the tree beyond which there is no passing." In ancient times, the Arabs planted such a tree to mark the end of a road. In the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh, the Lote Tree generally refers to the Manifestation of God. The implication is that the Manifestation of God occupies a station to which ordinary human beings can neither attain nor surpass. See also: Sadratu'l-Muntahá

M

45. Manifestation of God

A divine Messenger sent by God to reveal His teachings to humanity. The Manifestation is the "express image" of the attributes and perfections of God. There are nine historical Manifestations of God: Abraham, Moses, Zoroaster, Krishna, the Buddha, Jesus, Muhammad, the Báb, and Bahá'u'lláh. There were others before them whose names are lost to history or who are known only as mythical figures (such as Adam and Noah), and there will be others at approximately 1,000-year intervals in the future.

46. Mashriqu'l-Adhkár

Literally, "the dawning-place of the mention of God." A temple in which Bahá'í worship services are held. At present there are only seven Bahá'í Houses of Worship in the world, but in time every Bahá'í community will have one, with associated dependencies such as a university and a home for the aged. See also: House of Worship

47. Master

A title of 'Abdu'l-Bahá. This is a translation of Áqá, a title of respect applied to the eldest son of a family by his siblings.

48. Mazra'ih

The house near 'Akká where Bahá'u'lláh was allowed to live from 1877 to 1879. See also: 'Akká, Bahjí, Most Great Prison
49. Meditation
Contemplation and reflection on something, particularly the Holy Writings. Although there is no set formula or technique for Bahá'í meditation, Shoghi Effendi likened it to listening for God's answer to prayer.

50. Mihdí

Literally, "One Who is guided." A title of the 12th Imám in Shí'ih Islám, and therefore also a title of the Báb, who is the "return" of that Imám.

51. Mithqál

A unit of weight used by Bahá'u'lláh to fix the amount of gold or silver to be paid for various purposes, such as Huqúqu'lláh, dowries, and fines. Note 78 to the Kitáb-i-Aqdas (pp200-1) states that the mithqál used by Bahá’ís is smaller than the traditional mithqál; nine mithqáls are equivalent to 32.775 grams or 1.05374 troy ounces. See also: Huqúqu'lláh

52. Most Great Peace

A state of world peace and security overseen by a world government and based upon principles and laws elaborated by Bahá'u'lláh. Bahá'ís believe that the Most Great Peace will be the realization of "the Kingdom of God on Earth." See also: Lesser Peace

53. Most Great Prison

'Akká, the prison-city near Haifa (in modern-day Israel) where Bahá'u'lláh was imprisoned from late August, 1868 through June, 1877. See also: 'Akká, Bahjí, Mazra'ih

54. Mustaghath

Literally, "He Who is invoked for help." The Báb referred to the coming Manifestation of God as Mustaghath in one of His Tablets.

N

55. National Spiritual Assembly (NSA)

The elected body that administers the affairs of the Bahá'í Faith at the national level. See also: House of Justice, Spiritual Assembly

56. Naw-Rúz

The traditional Persian New Year's Day, celebrated on the Spring Equinox. Naw-Rúz is the first day of the Bahá'í Year and is celebrated as a Holy Day. See also: Holy Day

O

57. Obligatory Prayer

A special prayer required by religious law. Bahá'u'lláh specified three obligatory prayers for Bahá'ís to use, one of which must be said each day. The choice of which prayer to say is left to the individual. Ablutions are required as part of obligatory prayers. See also: Ablutions

P

58. Pioneer

A Bahá'í who leaves his or her home and takes up residence in another country for the purpose of spreading Bahá'u'lláh's teachings. See also: Deputize, Homefront Pioneer

59. Progressive Revelation

The Bahá'í belief that God has sent successive revelations in order to uplift and educate humanity.

Q

60. Qá'im

Literally, "He who arises." The Promised One of Islám. Bahá'ís believe that the Báb was the Qá'im.

61. Qiblih

The "Point of Adoration" toward which one turns during prayer. In former times the Qiblih had been Jerusalem. Muhammad changed the Qiblih to Mecca. The Báb specified that "The Qiblih is indeed He Whom God will make manifest [Bahá'u'lláh]; whenever He moveth, it moveth, until He shall come to rest." Bahá'u'lláh confirmed this, so that today the Qiblih is the Shrine of Bahá'u'lláh at Bahjí, where His earthly remains rest.

62. Qurratu'l-'Ayn

Literally, "the Solace of the Eyes." The Báb gave this name to Táhirih after she embraced His Cause. (Bahá'u'lláh later gave her the name Táhirih, which means "the Pure One.") In some of His Writings, the Báb also refers to Himself as Qurratu'l-'Ayn.

R

63. Regional Council

The Universal House of Justice created Regional Councils in some countries beginning in 1998 as an intermediate level of administration. Possessing some of the functions of Spiritual Assemblies, these Councils presently provide for coordination of activities throughout their respective regions. See also: Spiritual Assembly

64. Revelation

The unveiling by God to humanity of something previously hidden. The Manifestations of God and the minor prophets are the recipients of revelations from God. The term is also frequently used to describe revealed Writings such as the Qur'án or the Writings of the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh.

65. Ridván

Literally, "Paradise." A twelve-day festival, held from April 21 through May 2, celebrating Bahá'u'lláh's public declaration of His mission on the eve of His departure from Baghdád for exile in Constantinople. The first, ninth, and twelfth days of Ridván are Holy Days. See also: Holy Day

66. Ringstone Symbol

A calligraphic design commonly used on Bahá'í rings and pendants, and often displayed in Bahá'í homes. It consists of three horizontal bars representing the worlds of God, the Manifestations of God, and man; a vertical line joining the three bars, representing the Manifestations of God, who join the world of God with the world of man; and a pair of five-pointed stars, representing the Báb and Bahá'u'lláh, the Manifestations of God for this age. The ringstone symbol was designed by 'Abdu'l-Bahá and rendered by Mishkín-Qalam, a close companion of His and the leading calligrapher of Persia.

S

67. Sadratu'l-Muntahá

"Lote Tree" in English. In the English translation of the Bahá'í Writings, the term sometimes appears translated and sometimes untranslated. The Lote Tree is "the tree beyond which there is no passing." In ancient times, the Arabs planted such a tree to mark the end of a road. In the Writings of Bahá'u'lláh, the Lote Tree generally refers to the Manifestation of God. The implication is that the Manifestation of God occupies a station to which ordinary human beings can neither attain nor surpass. See also: Lote Tree, Manifestation of God

68. Seeker

Specifically, an individual who is investigating the Bahá'í Faith out of a desire to determine its spiritual truth. More broadly, anyone searching for spiritual truth in any form.

69. Shoghi Effendi (1896 - 1957)

The great-grandson of Bahá'u'lláh, appointed by 'Abdu'l-Bahá to be the first Guardian of the Bahá'í Faith. See also: Guardian

70. Spiritual Assembly

An elected administrative body consisting of nine members with jurisdiction over a specified region. At present, Local Spiritual Assemblies (LSAs) govern the affairs of local Bahá'í communities, while National Spiritual Assemblies (NSAs) govern the affairs of national Bahá'í communities. In the future, these Spiritual Assemblies will evolve into Houses of Justice at their respective levels. See also: House of Justice

T

71. Tablet

A term used by the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh, and 'Abdu'l-Bahá to designate many of their Writings. Tablets are generally epistles (letters) addressed to specific individuals.

72. Tajallí

Literally, "effulgence." Bahá'u'lláh titled one of His tablets "Tajallíyát" in which He enumerates four "effulgences": the knowledge of God, steadfastness in God's Cause, the acquisition of knowledge, and the Divinity of the Manifestation of God. See also: Ishráq, Taráz

73. Taráz

Literally, "ornament." Bahá'u'lláh titled one of His tablets "Tarazát" in which He enumerates six "ornaments": knowledge of one's own self, to consort with the followers of all religions in a spirit of fellowship and friendliness, development of a goodly character, trustworthiness, the protection and preservation of the stations of God's servants, and the acquisition of knowledge. See also: Ishráq, Tajallí

U

74. Universal House of Justice

The supreme administrative institution of the Bahá'í Faith. See also: House of Justice

W

75. Writings

Shorthand for "Holy Writings," usually used specifically to denote the Bahá'í Holy Writings, which consist of the authenticated Writings of the Báb, Bahá'u'lláh, and 'Abdu'l-Bahá.

Y

76. Ya Bahá'u'l-Abhá

A form of the Greatest Name, literally meaning "O Thou the Glory of the All-Glorious." It is often used by Bahá'ís as an affirmation of faith or as an expression of praise and gratitude. See also: Alláh-u-Abhá, Greatest Name

77. Year of Service

A year spent in volunteer service to a community. Bahá'ís, especially youth, are encouraged to spend a year of such service. A year of service frequently involves participation in social and economic development projects in parts of the world where the need is great